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Direct linkJiang, Xiangying – Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 2016
This study discusses the construct of oral reading fluency and examines its relationship to reading comprehension among adult English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) learners of four first language (L1) backgrounds. One hundred and forty-nine adult learners of English with Arabic, Japanese, Spanish and Chinese language backgrounds participated in this…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Download full textLee, Yong-Won; Breland, Hunter; Muraki, Eiji – ETS Research Report Series, 2004
This study has investigated the comparability of computer-based testing (CBT) writing prompts in the Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) for examinees of different native language backgrounds. A total of 81 writing prompts introduced from July 1998 through August 2000 were examined using a three-step logistic regression procedure for…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Computer Assisted Testing
