This dissertation explores subject pronoun expression (SPE) in Palenquero Spanish (PL Spanish) and Palenquero Creole (PL Creole), two languages that have coexisted for centuries in San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia), share most of their lexicon, but differ in their grammar. Crucially, this study investigates how the contact between them and the…

Project BEAM-UP offers English as a second language (ESL), native language arts, and bilingual content-area instruction to students of limited English proficiency (LEP) in grades 9 through 12 at Sarah J. Hale High School in Brooklyn, New York. The student participants speak Spanish or Haitian Creole. The goal of the program is to help these…

This is an evaluation of a Title VII bilingual program that was conducted at South Shore High School in Brooklyn, New York, in 1979-1980. The program served Russian, Haitian Creole, and Spanish speaking students in both public and private schools. The evaluation provides a demographic analysis of the school's environment, information on student…

The report summarizes findings of research activities conducted over 2 years by the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) on the mother tongue and English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) literacy. The first section provides a review of existing literature in native language literacy for adults, including a summary of surveys, review of studies on native…

Bilingual education teachers need a clear understanding of the nature of language and language variation, and of how language relates to culture in order to be effective. With the needs of these teachers in mind, and drawing from anthropological linguistics and sociolinguistics, this chapter clarifies concepts of language and culture that have…

The LEP (limited-English-proficient) Students in Special High Schools Program, funded from a variety of sources, was partially implemented in 1987-88. The program's aim was to provide 277 LEP students, whose native languages were Chinese, Haitian Creole/French, and Spanish, with equal access to 8 educational-option and 5 vocational/technical high…

Project HAITI STARS served 360 students, native speakers of Haitian Creole, Spanish, and Chinese, in its first year through supplementary instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL), native language arts (NLA), and bilingual mathematics, science, and social studies. The project provided students with academic and personal counseling,…

Project BECOME, a mainstreaming program for Hispanic and Haitian students of limited English proficiency, provided instruction in ESL and native language studies, as well as bilingual instruction in social studies, mathematics, science, and typing. The program, which was implemented at Sarah J. Hale High School (located in downtown Brooklyn, New…

The Career Awareness Program for Bilingual Haitian and Hispanic Students (CAP) in New York City was designed to provide these high school students of limited English proficiency with instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL), native language arts (NLA), and content area subjects taught bilingually. It also was intended to provide students…

This is a second-year evaluation report for Project RESCATE, a bilingual education program for 285 Spanish and Haitian Creole speaking students at John Jay High School, Brooklyn, New York. The program provided bilingual instructional services in language and content area courses to Spanish dominant students, ESL and native language instruction to…

This guide draws on experience and lessons learned in a collaborative project between three adult education programs, the University of Massachusetts at Boston, the Boston Adult Literacy Fund to present a model for training immigrants and refugees as adult ESL and native language literacy instructors in their own communities. The model is…

In its fourth year of Title VII funding, the Erasmus Hall High School Bilingual Program served 144 limited-English-speaking students, most of whom spoke Haitian Creole as their first language. The remaining small percentage spoke Spanish, Chinese, or another Asian language as their native language. The program was targeted at the school's least…

New York's Bilingual Pupil Services program, funded by federal and city governments, promotes linguistic and academic progress among limited-English-proficient elementary school children in selected schools and provides comprehensive in-service training to bilingual paraprofessionals training to become licensed teachers. Recognition as an…

Part 154 of the Regulations of New York State's Commissioner of Education prescribes requirements for districts relative to the education of pupils with limited English proficiency. The guidelines provided here are to assist school districts in developing and implementing programs consistent with the law and regulations. Chapters address the…

In its third funding year, Jamaica High School's Computer-Assisted Bilingual/Bicultural Multi-Skills Project used computerized and non-computerized instruction to help 132 native speakers of Haitian Creole/French and Spanish develop English language, native language, and content-area skills. The goal was to help these students participate…