There are contentious and persistent gender differences reported in some measures of spatial skills, particularly mental rotation and, to a lesser extent, perspective-taking, which may have an impact on mathematics success. Furthermore, pathways between spatial skills and mathematics may be mediated by other cognitive factors, such as fluid…

"Research Findings:" Although the importance of block play to children's spatial ability has been recognized globally, little is known about children's use of spatial frames of reference during spatial processing. This study investigated the intervention with guided block play to promote children's use of their intrinsic frame of…

This paper considers the teachings of spatial thinking in two Danish school interventions with children, ages 10-13 (2018-2021), by turning Lefebvre's spatial triad into a research-based exercise. Based on children's responses, this paper concludes that, first, by allowing children to include their own spatial experiences, they can resonate with…

Geometry and spatial reasoning form the foundations of learning in mathematics. However, geometry is a subject often ignored by curriculum writers and teachers until high school, leading to students lacking in critical skills in geometric reasoning. As the United States moves into a new curriculum epoch, heralding the commencement of the national…

The coordinate system is a fundamental tool for many daily activities, yet it is usually taught to children in middle school. Research suggests that children should be exposed to the coordinate system at a younger age, using methods appropriate to their developmental level. This paper presents a set of instructional activities designed to teach…

A growing body of evidence suggests that children with dyslexia in alphabetic languages exhibit visual-spatial attention deficits that can obstruct reading acquisition by impairing their phonological decoding skills. However, it remains an open question whether these visual-spatial attention deficits are present in children with dyslexia in…

The ability to recognize and construct nets is a fundamental aspect of spatial reasoning skills; however, there is a lack of understanding regarding effective instructional sequences for fostering this ability. The aim of this study is to test a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory for enhancing sixth-grade students' understanding of rectangular prism…

Game-based learning, which includes non-digital and digital games, highlights the benefits of games in terms of players' learning and engagement. Whereas contemporary research focuses more on digital than non-digital game-based learning, more studies shall compare the effects between the two types of game-based learning and their integration. This…

Previous research has reported that schoolteachers are an at-risk population for stress and anxiety-related psychological disorders. High stress levels have been linked to the suboptimal use of executive functions, abilities which are a major component of effective job performance in educational contexts. In the present study, 99 teachers from…

Mathematical performance plays a vital role in students' academic development. Studies have shown that some basic cognitive processes, including inductive reasoning, are critical for the development of mathematical performance. However, little empirical evidence has been accumulated regarding the association between inductive reasoning and…

Insights on students' own authentic design practices--nascent design practices without much adult guidance--are crucial to informing responsive facilitation of engineering design tasks. This study unpacks how elementary students interpret teacher given information about a design task, and interact with each other and given resources, to traverse a…

This study investigates the way a kindergarten teacher implemented a three-stage project to support children's map understanding. The project, the Map and Play, was designed to help children understand the relationship between reality and its abstract representation. The guided play was adopted as the pedagogical approach because it empowers…

We propose the results of a research that combines the educational and psychological media approach, to verify the pedagogical potential of coding and robotics in the learning processes of 4-year-old children at the cognitive and socio-relational level. The study investigated the impact of unplugged and plugged coding on the skills of spatiality,…

In many schools across the world, students experience mathematical concepts as ideas empty of wisdom and possibility. In this paper the authors analyze a philosophical conversation in which fifth-grade students were caught up in the animacy of the concept of space. Challenging the common view of mathematics as dealing with absolute truths and…

Spatial ability is frequently encountered in professional disciplines and daily life. In general, it includes abilities such as rotating objects, estimating the appearance of objects based on a person's position, and being able to think of open and closed forms of three-dimensional objects. It is essential in learning and teaching geometry. In…