The ability to recognize and construct nets is a fundamental aspect of spatial reasoning skills; however, there is a lack of understanding regarding effective instructional sequences for fostering this ability. The aim of this study is to test a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory for enhancing sixth-grade students' understanding of rectangular prism…

Spatial ability is frequently encountered in professional disciplines and daily life. In general, it includes abilities such as rotating objects, estimating the appearance of objects based on a person's position, and being able to think of open and closed forms of three-dimensional objects. It is essential in learning and teaching geometry. In…

In this research, we explore the potential for computational thinking (CT) to benefit the spatial reasoning abilities of thirty-three middle-school students (aged 11-13) in grades 6 and 7. There is an increasing focus on the explicit development of spatial reasoning throughout the mathematics curriculum, such as geometry, as students' success in…

This study explored the interest, outcome expectations, choice goals and choice actions in engineering and technology, collaboration value, problem solving attitudes, and spatial reasoning and orientation skills of 63 middle school females in grades six, seven, and eight. The participants were involved in a five full-day coding robotics summer…

The aim of this research is to determine whether the use of augmented reality applications in the teaching of the subject of ''Geometric objects'' in the sixth grade mathematics class has an effect on the development of students' geometric thinking levels and spatial ability. The research was conducted using a pre experimental design, one of the…

Background: Disembedding is a crucial spatial thinking skill in visual arts and mathematics education. It is important in creating and analyzing artworks by separating a figure from its background, as well as for solving geometric problems where shapes must be viewed from new perspectives. Drawing upon research in psychology, arts, and mathematics…

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in spatial reasoning as a component of mathematics education, with many countries incorporating it into their mathematics curriculum. The study of spatial reasoning in the learning areas of geometry presents an essential opportunity for improvement of students within the realm of mathematics…

Multiple studies of recent decades have established close relationships between spatial skills and STEM achievement. Interventions have been effective in providing evidence of malleability of spatial skills and positive impact, yet the inclusion of spatial skills in curricula and policy lags. To date, only limited research has examined the impact…

The current study investigated the relation between spatial ability and children's math performance, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying this relation including numerical magnitude knowledge, understanding of arithmetic operations, and word-problem representation. A sample of 221 Asian sixth graders (age 11, 129 boys) completed a series…

This research with middle school students from Kentucky (KY) and Nevada (NV) provides a snapshot of students' spatial-scientific understandings as we explored how well students understand lunar-related content, both spatially and scientifically, after receiving instruction with similar curricular Earth-Space content. Utilizing a lens of spatial…

Strong spatial skills are foundational in predicting students' performance in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Decades of research have considered the relationship between thinking spatially and how scientists reason and solve problems. However, few studies have examined the factors that influence improvement in…

Are oral sentences accompanied by pictures easier to understand than written sentences accompanied by the same pictures? This question--intensely discussed for more than two decades in educational, psychological, and psycholinguistic research in terms of "modality effect in multimedia learning," "split-attention effect," or…

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of applications created using a web-based 3D design environment on the spatial visualisation and mental rotation abilities of secondary school students. A total of 63 school students from the sixth grade participated in the study. The researchers applied a mixed research method including both…

In a recent empirical article published in "Cognition" (Johnson, Burgoyne, Mix, Young, and Levine [2022]. "Cognition," 218, 104918), we examined the relationships between spatial and mathematics skills in a cross-sectional sample of 1,592 children that included kindergarteners, third graders, and sixth graders. We tested…

Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to enhance visual cognition through virtual object experimentation and practice, while also fostering spatial skills relevant to mathematics. This experimental study was conducted with 86 sixth graders in Eastern China, involving a 3-month AR integrated Mathematics Curriculum (ARiMC), with pre- and…