Neurogenic bladder is common in patients with traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, spinal bifida, and stroke. Many patients who have these diseases struggle to control their bladder. Neurogenic bladder can be defined as the inability to completely empty the bladder. For managing the bladder, clinicians usually opt for using an indwelling…

Recent findings suggest that adding a visual depiction of a nose to virtual reality displays (virtual nose) can reduce motion sickness. If so, this would be a simple intervention that could improve the experience of a variety of VR applications. However, only one peer-reviewed study has reported a benefit from a virtual nose, and the effect was…

Some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience seizures and associated staring episodes, loss of consciousness, weakened muscle tone, and myoclonic jerking. Data recording of seizure frequency, duration, and co-occurring behavior is necessary to document the effects of anti-epileptic medications, identify contextual influences on…

Background: Since the introduction of austerity measures in 2008, funding for care, welfare, services and support systems in the United Kingdom has been reduced. There is little research that explores the experiences of parents of adults with intellectual disabilities and service providers regarding care, relationships and social networks in times…

More than 14 million children in the United States are identified as children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). Rates of hospitalization for CSHCN with chronic conditions as well as re-admissions have been increasing in recent years. For hospitalized children transitioning back to their school of record, a host of issues may arise such as…

The Nernst equation is key to understanding the electrophysiology of the cell membrane and the pathophysiology of K[superscript +] imbalances (i.e., hyperkalemia and hypokalemia). However, in our experience teaching medical students over the years, many students struggle to make connections between a brief introduction of the Nernst equation and…

Rare diseases are usually complex syndromes, which sometimes cause extensive functional impairments affecting everyday life. The number of rare diseases and of people having one is increasing. Children with rare diseases often display special education needs and require support and adapted pedagogical methods to participate and achieve academic…

Background: Above cuff vocalisation (ACV) involves the application of an external flow of air via the subglottic port of a tracheostomy. ACV can facilitate vocalisation and may improve swallowing and quality of life for patients with a tracheostomy. A recent systematic review highlighted the limited evidence available for the acceptability,…

Introduction: Health assessment instruments can help to raise awareness among general practitioners of specific health problems in people with intellectual disabilities (PID). The present authors developed a health assessment questionnaire using the cognitive interview technique (CI) to improve the comprehensibility. The utility of this approach…

Background: Public preschool can provide opportunities for earlier detection of child health problems and receipt of special needs services. This is especially important for children from low-income households who disproportionately face cost barriers to obtaining health screenings and services. Objective: This study explores the possibility that…

This study aimed at understanding the problems of training teachers who taught children with health disabilities. For this study, students from two universities located in Semey city of Republic of Kazakhstan participated. A few components like motivation, cognition, creativity, and activity, which fulfilled the conditions of inclusive education…

Children with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)(ventilation delivered through an endotracheal tube), often require 24/7 monitoring and care by skilled caregivers in order to stay safely within the home environment. Practice standards recommend skilled in-home nursing to maintain safe monitoring practices. However, across the country, a lack of…

This study assessed the relationships between maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. Seven observational studies, including 25,005 ASD cases and 4,543,321 participants, were included for meta-analysis. Pooled results by using random-effects models…

Simulation is a valid pedagogical tool used to teach students, observe student clinical skills, and to assess clinical competencies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a lack of medical speech-language pathology placements required graduate programs to re-examine clinical training. Simulation has proven useful in providing an alternative and safe…

Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is an increasingly studied disorder that has been linked to negative neuropsychiatric outcomes, with the most frequently cited consequence being rapid onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Little is known, however, about the educational impacts of this disorder on school-aged children. This…