Graduate medical education is defined as the phase that begins at graduation from medical school and ends after completion of the requirements for one of the specialty certifying boards. A chronology of events in the history of graduate medical education, 1844-1981, is provided. (MLW)

The problems of traditional overspecialization in British universities and current efforts to liberalize the curriculum are discussed in the context of the historical development of the university and curriculum structure. (MSE)

The growth of the Council for National Academic Awards' validating process as a means of monitoring and approving standards of courses in British polytechnics and colleges has been a significant educational development in recent decades. The nature of the agency-institution relationship, and its changes over time, are examined. (MSE)

New York City's public high school was born in the City of Brooklyn and carried to the merged City of Greater New York in 1898 by William H. Maxwell, first City Superintendent of Schools in New York City and former head of Brooklyn's schools. Under his direction, high school enrollments grew ten-fold between 1898 and 1914 to nearly 63,000…

Never has the education of all people been seen to be a matter of such vital importance as in the light thrown upon it by the problems growing out of the World War and out of the reconstructive processes seen to be necessary since the struggle closed. The place of music, like the place of all other subjects, came to be better understood during the…

The history of liberal education in the United States is a reflection of U.S. History. Among the influences on its existence and development are the needs of the church and of science, the rise of specialization, changing campus life-styles, and the need to correct and build on secondary education. (MSE)

This publication is one of a series resulting from the broad study, "Qualification and Preparation of Teachers of Exceptional Children," conducted by the of Office Education in cooperation with many leaders in the education of exceptional children and youth in the United States. Approximately 2,000 persons have contributed to the total project.…

"Library Journal" issues (1910, 1920) were examined to identify professional concerns having curricular impact on library education: management, public service, technical service, book sciences, Americanization. Six major educational concerns are discussed: role of on-the-job training; specialization; certification; leadership role of…

This article reviews reasons for official reform of teacher training in Luxembourg. Includes information about past laws, elaborates on aspects of teacher education that need further attention, and concludes with proposals for actions that meet these needs. (AEM)

This bulletin on the status of medical education during 1918-1920 addresses the following topics: (1) Cooperation of the medical schools in war work; (2) Status of medical education in 1917; (3) Needs in medicine as revealed by the war; (4) Recent progress in medical education; (5) Medical teachers; (6) Limitation of enrollments; (7) Continuous…

Examination of the history and present structure of Soviet education reveals a number of potential lessons for educational planners in developing countries, according to the authors. This report traces the course of Soviet educational reforms from the 1910s to the 1970s in four areas: general (elementary and some secondary) education, vocational…

In the nation there are four or five million children who have educational needs so unusual that they require special help from the schools. Such children include those with physical handicaps, mental retardation, serious social or emotional problems, or giftedness. Progress is being made in providing for these children, but educational provisions…

Traces changing concepts of what constituted useful knowledge, especially as revealed in journals, in the United States from 1776 to 1840. Identifies a widening knowledge gap--corresponding with industrialization--between increasingly elitist, specialized learned societies and mechanics/farmers. Argues that as science grew more professionalized,…

The history of higher education in the United States is traced. While major developments affecting higher education as a whole are emphasized, detailed descriptions are included on the nature of selected institutions, their operating arrangements, and their influences. In addition to historical facts, details, and data, a synthesis of educational…

Historical and societal conditions that have influenced the college curriculum are considered, along with issues of the 1980s. Up to the 19th century, the bachelor of arts degree was a preprofessional degree; the Ph.D. degree was introduced after the Civil War. Since the doctoral degree emphasized research skills, universities began to employ…