Increased focus on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and the use and accessibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have advanced knowledge on the interconnected nature of neural substrates underlying executive function (EF) development in adults and clinical populations. Less is known about the relationship between rsFC…

Background: Executive function (EF) deficit is considered to be a core cognitive deficit in ADHD. The current study combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and numerical switching tasks to investigate the cognitive flexibility of adult ADHD as an important part of EF. Material and Methods: The Wender Utah Rating Scale and the adult…

Purpose: We explore a new approach to the study of cognitive effort involved in listening to speech by measuring the brain activity in a listener in relation to the brain activity in a speaker. We hypothesize that the strength of this brain-to-brain synchrony (coupling) reflects the magnitude of cognitive effort involved in verbal communication…

A theoretical distinction exists between the cool and hot aspects of executive function (EF). At the neural level, cool EF may be associated with activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas the orbitofrontal cortex may play a key role in hot EF. However, some recent studies have shown that young children…

Neurotechnology is increasingly transforming education with promising potential for providing tailored support for neurodivergent students. By utilizing electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), neurofeedback, and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), these technologies enable real-time monitoring of students'…