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Download full textXu, Jian; Qiu, Xuyan – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2022
This study aimed to develop and validate two parallel scales to measure the psychological L2 speaking and listening needs of 863 English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners. The associations between three psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) of L2 speaking and of L2 listening were examined to develop insights into…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Gender Differences, Majors (Students)
Rashtchi, Mojgan; Afzali, Mahnaz – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2011
Advances in spoken corpora analysis have brought about new insights into language pedagogy and have led to an awareness of the characteristics of spoken language. Current findings have shown that grammar of spoken language is different from written language. However, most listening and speaking materials are concocted based on written grammar and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grammar, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
