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A Response to "On Token Reinforcement and Stuttering Therapy: Another View on Findings Reported by Howie and Woods (1982)."
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Howie, Pauline M. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1983
The author responds to criticism of her research on token reinforcement in stuttering by reviewing methodological issues as well as concerns related to the token systems. (CL)
Descriptors: Speech Improvement, Stuttering, Token Economy
On Token Reinforcement and Stuttering Therapy: Another View on Findings Reported by Howie and Woods (1982).
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Ingham, Roger J. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1983
The author responds to a study which suggested that token reinforcement is redundant in stating and shaping fluent speech within a stuttering program. He cites methodological differences as well as procedural differences in the treatment programs mentioned. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Speech Handicaps, Speech Improvement, Stuttering
Long-Term Follow-Up of a Behavioral Treatment for Stuttering in Children.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Wagaman, Joel R.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
This 3.5 year follow-up study concerns a behavioral treatment of stuttering for children aged 9 to 14 years, which involved awareness training, use of a competing response, and social support. Six of seven participants continued to be at or below the criterion of three percent stuttered words. Stuttering increased for one child, but remained far…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Followup Studies, Instructional Effectiveness, Intermediate Grades