An empirical investigation into the construct validity of tests of speaking and reading English as a second language (ESL) was performed using the multitrait-multimethod convergent-divergent design of Campbell and Fiske. Interview, translation, and self-rating tests of the two hypothesized traits, "speaking ability" and "reading ability," were…

As part of the evaluation of a 5-year longitudinal research and development project in individualized language learning, several alternative methods for testing oral English production were tried out. The Bilingual Syntax Measure was selected for adaptation because of the relative effectiveness of its visual component in eliciting responses.…