We examined the effects of teaching 5 typically developing elementary students to sound out their spelling words while writing them using the cover-copy-compare (CCC) method to practice spelling. Each student's posttest performance following practice with sounding out was compared to that student's posttest performance following practice with no…

Current research suggests that constant delay is an effective means of teaching students through near-errorless learning. The current study examined how procedures used in previous research may be modified so that constant delay can be implemented with students who have physical disabilities that prevent them from engaging in fluent academic…

A study of 211 students during their first- and second-grade school years showed that peer tutoring and teacher instructional procedures were both effective in increasing spelling performance above pretest levels. Peer tutoring produced statistically greater gains relative to the teachers' procedures for both low- and high-achieving groups.…

Nine poor spellers (8-13 years old) received four alternating experimental treatments during a 16-week spelling program. Results indicated that student-directed instruction that incorporated visual and verbal cues was most effective in increasing children's spelling accuracy. (Author/CL)

Three boys (ages 9-13) with academic deficits learned delayed matching-to-sample tasks that used complex sample stimuli, consisting of a picture and printed word. The procedure engendered new constructed-response spelling performances and arbitrary relations among pictures and printed words in matching to sample. (Author/JDD)

This paper describes a computer-based spelling program grounded in programed instructional techniques and using constructed-response matching-to-sample procedures. Following use of the program, two mentally retarded men successfully spelled previously misspelled words. (JDD)

A New Zealand study compared the results of two computerized matching-to-sample discrimination training conditions (critical-difference and multiple-difference training) in reducing consonant cluster (CC) errors made by six children (ages 4-7) on a constructed-response transfer test. Results indicate the critical-difference training condition was…

A classwide peer tutoring procedure was implemented in an urban elementary school classroom of 23 students, to improve students' spelling performance. Results indicated the untrained or collateral tutoring behaviors increased the academic response frequencies of three tutees and the weekly spelling achievement of one target tutee. (Author/DB)

Four grade-two boys received invented spelling guidance with creative writing periods and direct instruction with guided practice on spelling. Although direct instruction resulted in more targeted words spelled correctly, invented spelling resulted in more nontargeted words spelled correctly, higher preference ratings by children, and higher…

Response practice variables for learning spelling and sight vocabulary were studied in 4 experiments involving a total of 18 rehabilitation clients and adolescents with developmental disabilities or behavior disorders. The experiments specifically examined the "cover write" method, written versus oral practice, less versus more response practice,…

Two adults with severe mental retardation and profound hearing loss were given computer-based instruction in spelling. Positive results transferred to a retrieval task in which the participant wrote a list of objects displayed, selected the objects from a shelf, and returned the objects to the table. The role of stimulus class in fostering the…

A computer-assisted instruction program was used to teach spelling words to 5 learning-disabled or educable mentally handicapped students (ages 11-12) using a time delay procedure; manage content presentation based on individual student responding; and collect performance data. Four students learned the words, though maintenance varied.…

The study investigated the effects of interspersing known items during spelling instruction on new words for three moderately to severely mentally retarded male students (ages 19 to 24). Results showed that high density reinforcement did facilitate performance over baseline; however, interspersal training was superior to the other conditions in…