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Spicer, David P. – Career Development International, 1998
Attempts to distinguish between mental models--abstract concepts that aid comprehension--and cognitive mapping--graphical representation of mental models. Integrates these concepts for understanding the individual-level learning that leads to organizational-level learning. (SK)
Descriptors: Cognitive Mapping, Comprehension, Organizational Development, Staff Development

Holden, Richard J.; Hamblett, John – Career Development International, 1998
Regardless of their content, employee-development activities can engender common interests or mutuality with benefits to employer and employee. They promote lifelong learning, flexibility, increased motivation, commitment, loyalty, and hence effectiveness. (SK)
Descriptors: Employer Employee Relationship, Foreign Countries, Lifelong Learning, Organizational Development