The Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP) is the nation's oldest and largest urban school choice program, offering private-school scholarships to low-income students in the city of Milwaukee since 1990. In the early years of the program, voucher schools were not required to test their students, though many of them did so using nationally normed…

Three assumptions underlying the use of norm referenced tests are examined: (1) that expressing treatment effects in a standard score metric permits aggregation of effects across grades; (2) commonly used standardized tests are sufficiently comparable to permit aggregation of results across tests; and (3) the summer loss of achievement observed in…

This report contains a tabular summary of the results of the April 1974 city-wide reading test administered in Grades 2 through 9 in all New York City public schools. Test results are presented at three levels for comparative analysis: New York City with other major cities, community school districts within N.Y.C., and community schools within…