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Creagh, Sue – English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 2014
The Australian field of English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching is globally respected for its research and practice achievements over a period of some 30 years. However, this essential field of pedagogy is being diluted in the current Australian reform agenda which is firmly founded on a traditional vision of English as first language, and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Standardized Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Barnwell, David Patrick – 1993
Language testing historians have tended to ignore a significant period in the evolution of language tests, the years 1883-1929. In the earliest years, testing focused on knowledge about, not of, the language and reflected the teaching of Latin and Greek more than that of living languages. Grammatical formalism and translation were emphasized, and…
Descriptors: Articulation (Education), Educational History, Language Tests, Second Language Instruction