This article presents both sides of the debate as to whether urban teachers need structure or freedom, and then takes a stand on urban teaching in the current high-stakes assessment climate. First, we trace the 30-year development of American educational policy in the area of structuring teaching. Then, we present research from proponents of…

Key legislative objectives for the US Federal educational policy over the past several decades relied heavily on quasi-market strategies (such as school rating, school closure, the contracting out of schools) as central levers in "reforming" public schools. Using financial data on 11 national for-profit firms contracting with schools and…

Examines controversies over national and state standard setting (Goals 2000, outcome-based education) involving conservative citizen groups. Makes recommendations for widening public participation in educational policy-making and aligning public engagement with standards-based reform. (SK)

A historic change is taking place in American education with the development of voluntary national standards that will identify what all students should know and be able to do in order to live and work in the twenty-first century. Content standards will define what students should know and be able to do, and performance standards will identify the…

The Goals 2000: Educate America Act, which became law in 1994 and was amended in 1996, emphasizes student learning through a long-term, broad-based effort to promote coherent and coordinated improvements in education. A report of this act's influence on education is presented here. The text provides a history of Goals 2000, including the…

Draws on lessons learned from the Clinton Administration's efforts to implement 1994 federal legislation (Goals 2002 and Elementary and Secondary Education Act reauthorization) to inform state and federal officials' efforts to implement the No Child Left Behind Act. (PKP)

This document contains proceedings of the hearing held on September 12, 1995, before the Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies, which is a subcommittee of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations. The purpose of the hearing was to hear testimony on the funding for Goals 2000, the Educate…

The current state-dominated standards movement originated in the 1983 "Nation at Risk" report. Five different types of standards are usually considered when developing a standards-based school reform system: district, content, student performance, school delivery, and system delivery. Arguments for standards outweigh those against.…

Each state has the opportunity to participate in Title III of the Goals 2000 Act. To participate, the state must have or develop a comprehensive strategy for improving education on the basis of clear and challenging standards. To assist the states, the Council of Chief State School Officers has prepared this report of baseline information for each…

In collaboration with the U.S. Department of Education, federal legislators, the North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and local businesses and community members, a consortium of 20 suburban Chicago school districts formed learning networks to master Goal 5 of the Goals 2000…

This document is a background paper for satellite town meeting on the "Goals 2000: Educate America Act." The paper discusses the importance of studying the arts for themselves, and as a means of helping students learn other subjects. It suggests that studying the arts prepares students for the workplace and helps to build the United…

A multifaceted program, Goals 2000: Educate America," has as one of its top priorities the development of skills standards for certain key occupations. This articles examines the development of standards for Hazardous Materials Management Technology technicians. (LZ)

The process of instituting standards is well under way, thanks to mathematics teachers' efforts, the Bush Administration and governors' agreements about establishing national educational goals, and President Clinton's 1994 Goals 2000 legislation. There is no danger of a nationally imposed curriculum. States are using the standards process in…

A Goals 2000 grant enabled Rutland Northeast (Vermont) Supervisory District to conduct a year-long unit-design project for K-12 teachers and university interns. Participants reported a sharpened focus for classroom activity, with purpose clearly defined by authentic tasks and rubrics. Freeing time for unit development represents a cost recoverable…

This brief pamphlet provides an overview of the need for national educational objectives and describes how Goals 2000 will combat problems in education through locally based school-reform and improvement efforts. Goals 2000 is intended to help develop and implement higher academic standards; give schools and communities the tools and flexibility…