The question of what it means to be "scientific" in the broadest sense is explored, and this information is used as a basis for evaluating the past, present and future of behavioral therapies. (Author/BP)

Having presented the opening article on behavior therapy, the authors now respond to 10 other writers' comments on their work by attempting to synthesize their critics' ideas with their own. (BP)

Examining the validity of a theory scientifically requires careful attention to how one interprets data. Unfortunately the process is not clear-cut; the theoretical meaning of empirical data is not obvious. The experimental study by Avery et al. (1976) of empathic understanding (EU) is analyzed along with Horwitz's (1977) rejoinder. (Author)

Experimental research in counseling has been dominated by pretest-posttest designs. Mitchell's 1969 article on using an intensive design is analyzed. Several design and analysis problems are discussed, such as inadequate experimental control and nonindependence of data. Alternative designs and analysis methods are presented. (Author)

In a response to Albert Ellis' feature article, the author states that most of the RET statements offered in the Ellis article are very ambiguously related to the research data cited or are not supported at all. (HMV)

The authors discuss career decision-making processes in terms of engineering decision behaviors, existing vocational theories and research, a social learning model, and behavioral self control. Limitations and possibilities for further research are presented. (Author/HLM)