It has been postulated that in effective schools, there is less variability in student achievement according to socioeconomic status. This study was to investigate the amount of variation in student scores for effective and ineffective schools. Data were utilized from all 500 Pennsylvania school districts. The variance in student achievement was…

This paper reviews the process employed in Pennsylvania to develop, refine, select, and implement educational indicators at the state level as part of a state testing program. The indicators are used to provide meaningful comparative information for analysis and planning, to encourage school employees to make productive curricular or…

A study of the correlates of cognitive achievement in Pennsylvania's Educational Quality Assessment Program was conducted by examining both individual (student level) and ecological (building level) correlations. Analyses were completed for grade levels 5, 8 and 11 for the 1985 state assessment. Twenty-four student derived condition variables or…