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Kelcey, Benjamin; Carlisle, Joanne – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2011
Of particular import to this study, is collider bias originating from stratification on retreatment variables forming an embedded M or bowtie structural design. That is, rather than assume an M structural design which suggests that "X" is a collider but not a confounder, the authors adopt what they consider to be a more reasonable…
Descriptors: Statistical Bias, Statistical Analysis, Psychometrics, Elementary School Teachers
Kawasha, Fridah Singongi Silishebo – ProQuest LLC, 2010
The purpose of this case study was to (a) examine the main and interaction effects of gender, race and class-type on mathematics achievement, mathematics attitudes and sources of mathematics self-efficacy, (b) investigate teacher-student interactions in the single-sex mathematics classes and (c) investigate perspectives about single-sex…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Mathematics Achievement, Interaction, Statistical Analysis