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Xu, Lihua; Wubbena, Zane; Stewart, Trae – Journal of Educational Administration, 2016
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) across gender of K-12 school principals (n=6,317) in the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Nine first-order factor models and four second-order factor models were tested using confirmatory…
Descriptors: Leadership Styles, Questionnaires, Transformational Leadership, Factor Structure
Jacobson, Joseph L.; Jacobson, Sandra W. – Psychology in the Schools, 2004
In this paper, we respond to the criticisms and concerns raised by D.V. Cicchetti, A.S. Kaufman, & S.S. Sparrow (this issue) in their review of the PCB literature, with particular attention to our own research in Michigan. We agree that multiple comparisons and functional significance are issues that would benefit from more discussion.…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Validity, Psychomotor Skills, Risk