Increased sophistication of data systems now allows for student achievement to be tracked and, in some states, linked to individual teachers. Further, rather than looking simply at student end-of-year achievement test scores in isolation, current statistical methods allow for analysis of student growth over time. These advances show promise for…

Michigan's school finance reform aimed primarily to improve the equity in funding across school districts. Ten years later, policymakers are turning their attention to the adequacy of education--ensuring that schools provide a desired level of learning and the necessary resources to support student achievement. However, defining what is adequate…