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Download full textLivingston, Samuel A. – Educational Testing Service, 2014
This booklet grew out of a half-day class on equating that author Samuel Livingston teaches for new statistical staff at Educational Testing Service (ETS). The class is a nonmathematical introduction to the topic, emphasizing conceptual understanding and practical applications. The class consists of illustrated lectures, interspersed with…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Scoring, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Scores
Xu, Xueli; Jia, Yue – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Estimation of item response model parameters and ability distribution parameters has been, and will remain, an important topic in the educational testing field. Much research has been dedicated to addressing this task. Some studies have focused on item parameter estimation when the latent ability was assumed to follow a normal distribution,…
Descriptors: Test Items, Statistical Analysis, Computation, Item Response Theory
Haberman, Shelby J.; Sinharay, Sandip; Lee, Yi-Hsuan – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Providing information to test takers and test score users about the abilities of test takers at different score levels has been a persistent problem in educational and psychological measurement (Carroll, 1993). Scale anchoring (Beaton & Allen, 1992), a technique that describes what students at different points on a score scale know and can do,…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Scores, Regression (Statistics), Item Response Theory
Ling, Guangming; Rijmen, Frank – Educational Testing Service, 2011
The factorial structure of the Time Management (TM) scale of the Student 360: Insight Program (S360) was evaluated based on a national sample. A general procedure with a variety of methods was introduced and implemented, including the computation of descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).…
Descriptors: Time Management, Measures (Individuals), Statistical Analysis, Factor Analysis
Liu, Jinghua; Sinharay, Sandip; Holland, Paul W.; Feigenbaum, Miriam; Curley, Edward – Educational Testing Service, 2009
This study explores the use of a different type of anchor, a "midi anchor", that has a smaller spread of item difficulties than the tests to be equated, and then contrasts its use with the use of a "mini anchor". The impact of different anchors on observed score equating were evaluated and compared with respect to systematic…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Test Items, Difficulty Level, Error of Measurement
Kostin, Irene – Educational Testing Service, 2004
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between a set of item characteristics and the difficulty of TOEFL[R] dialogue items. Identifying characteristics that are related to item difficulty has the potential to improve the efficiency of the item-writing process The study employed 365 TOEFL dialogue items, which were coded on 49…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Difficulty Level, Language Tests, English (Second Language)
