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Haghani, Nader; Kiani, Samira – Journal of Education and Learning, 2018
The concept of text-oriented vocabulary exercises is based on Kühn's (2000) three-step model of vocabulary teaching--receptive, reflective and productive vocabulary exercises--which focuses on working with texts. Since the production is in principle more exhausting than the reception--as can be seen from the Levels of Processing Effect--one can…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Vocabulary Skills, Retention (Psychology), Hypothesis Testing