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Lindau, Berit; Topolinski, Sascha – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
People prefer words with inward directed consonantal patterns (e.g., MENIKA) compared to outward patterns (KENIMA), because inward (outward) articulation movements resemble positive (negative) mouth actions such as swallowing (spitting). This effect might rely on covert articulation simulations, or subvocalizations, since it occurs also under…
Descriptors: Articulation (Speech), Psychomotor Skills, Language Patterns, Preferences
Williams, Carrick C.; Burkle, Kyle A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
To investigate the critical information in long-term visual memory representations of objects, we used occlusion to emphasize 1 type of information or another. By occluding 1 solid side of the object (e.g., top 50%) or by occluding 50% of the object with stripes (like a picket fence), we emphasized visible information about the object, processing…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Visual Perception, College Students, Pictorial Stimuli
Rivera-Reyes, Presentacion; Lawanto, Oenardi; Pate, Michael L. – IEEE Transactions on Education, 2017
Task interpretation is a critical first step for students in the process of self-regulated learning, and a key determinant when they set goals in their learning and select strategies in assigned work. This paper focuses on the explicit and implicit aspects of task interpretation based on Hadwin's model. Laboratory activities improve students'…
Descriptors: Electronics, Laboratories, College Students, Engineering Education
Heusser, Andrew C.; Ezzyat, Youssef; Shiff, Ilana; Davachi, Lila – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Episodic memories are not veridical records of our lives, but rather are better described as organized summaries of experience. Theories and empirical research suggest that shifts in perceptual, temporal, and semantic information lead to a chunking of our continuous experiences into segments, or "events." However, the consequences of…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Associative Learning, Memory, Cognitive Processes
Buxó-Lugo, Andrés; Toscano, Joseph C.; Watson, Duane G. – Discourse Processes: A multidisciplinary journal, 2018
It is generally assumed that prosodic cues that provide linguistic information, like discourse status, are driven primarily by the information structure of the conversation. This article investigates whether speakers have the capacity to adjust subtle acoustic-phonetic properties of the prosodic signal when they find themselves in contexts in…
Descriptors: Intonation, Suprasegmentals, Cues, Discourse Analysis
Álvarez, Carlos J.; Taft, Marcus; Hernández-Cabrera, Juan A. – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2017
A word-spotting task is used in Spanish to test the way in which polysyllabic letter-strings are parsed in this language. Monosyllabic words (e.g., "bar") embedded at the beginning of a pseudoword were immediately followed by either a coda-forming consonant (e.g., "barto") or a vowel (e.g., "baros"). In the former…
Descriptors: Syllables, Spanish, Word Frequency, Phonology
Lin, Olivia Y.-H.; MacLeod, Colin M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Three experiments investigated the learning of simple associations in a color-word contingency task. Participants responded manually to the print colors of 3 words, with each word associated strongly to 1 of the 3 colors and weakly to the other 2 colors. Despite the words being irrelevant, response times to high-contingency stimuli and to…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Learning Processes, Contingency Management, Color
Brocher, Andreas; Chiriacescu, Sofiana Iulia; von Heusinger, Klaus – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2018
In discourse processing, speakers collaborate toward a shared mental model by establishing and recruiting prominence relations between different discourse referents. In this article we investigate to what extent the possibility to infer a referent's existence from preceding context (as indicated by the referent's information status as inferred or…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Eye Movements, Form Classes (Languages), Ambiguity (Semantics)
Jorge A. Pinto,; Vogel, Edgar H.; Núñez, Daniel E. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2017
The learned predictiveness effect or LPE is the finding that when people learn that certain cues are reliable predictors of an outcome in an initial stage of training (phase 1), they exhibit a learning bias in favor of these cues in a subsequent training involving new outcomes (phase 2) despite all cues being equally reliable in phase 2. In…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Predictor Variables, Cues
Zander, Thea; Volz, Kirsten G.; Born, Jan; Diekelmann, Susanne – Learning & Memory, 2017
Sleep fosters the generation of explicit knowledge. Whether sleep also benefits implicit intuitive decisions about underlying patterns is unclear. We examined sleep's role in explicit and intuitive semantic coherence judgments. Participants encoded sets of three words and after a sleep or wake period were required to judge the potential…
Descriptors: Sleep, Semantics, Intuition, Decision Making
Abrams, Zsuzsanna; Rott, Susanne – Language Teaching Research, 2017
Research on second language (L2) grammar in task-based language learning has yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of task-complexity, prompting calls for more nuanced analyses of L2 development and task performance. The present cross-sectional study contributes to this discussion by comparing the performance of 245 learners of German…
Descriptors: Grammar, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Task Analysis
Robison, Matthew K.; Unsworth, Nash – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Individuals with greater cognitive abilities generally show reduced rates of mind-wandering when completing relatively demanding tasks (Randall, Oswald, & Beier, 2014). However, it is yet unclear whether elevated rates of mind-wandering among low-ability individuals are manifestations of deliberate, intentional episodes of mind-wandering…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Task Analysis
Beyersmann, Elisabeth; Grainger, Jonathan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Recent research investigating embedded stem priming effects with the masked priming paradigm and pseudoword primes (e.g., "quickify"--"quick") has shown that priming effects can be obtained even when the embedded target word is followed by a non-morphological ending (e.g., "quickald"--"quick"). Here we…
Descriptors: Morphemes, Morphology (Languages), Language Processing, Semantics
Frank, David J.; Macnamara, Brooke N. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Performance on verbal and mathematical tasks is enhanced when participants shift from using algorithms to retrieving information directly from memory (Siegler, 1988a). However, it is unknown whether a shift to retrieval is involved in dynamic spatial skill acquisition. For example, do athletes mentally extrapolate the trajectory of the ball, or do…
Descriptors: Skill Development, Spatial Ability, Mathematics, Mental Computation
Ashby, F. Gregory; Vucovich, Lauren E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Feedback is highly contingent on behavior if it eventually becomes easy to predict, and weakly contingent on behavior if it remains difficult or impossible to predict even after learning is complete. Many studies have demonstrated that humans and nonhuman animals are highly sensitive to feedback contingency, but no known studies have examined how…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Classification, Learning Processes, Associative Learning