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Peer reviewedEgghe, Leo; Rousseau, Ronald; Van Hooydonk, Guido – Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 2000
Discusses science evaluation studies that seek to determine quantitatively the contribution of different authors, departments, or countries to the whole system, and suggests that different scoring methods can yield totally different rankings. Presents formulas for counting procedures, nontrivial examples of anomalies, and possible solutions.…
Descriptors: Citation Analysis, Computation, Evaluation Research, Mathematical Formulas
Childs, Roy – 1976
The norm-referenced score scale used by the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) is described. The usefulness of standardized scores is explained by a simple numerical example, and the formulas and computations are shown for calculating a mean, a standard deviation, and a deviation or z score. The need for a representative sample is…
Descriptors: Computation, Foreign Countries, Guides, Mathematical Formulas
