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Direct linkMaria-Paz Fernandez – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2025
As educational research increasingly emphasizes identifying effective interventions through rigorous causal methods, the role of implementation in determining a program's impact has gained renewed significance. Despite the long-standing recognition that implementation varies across contexts and influences outcomes (Berman & McLaughlin, 1974;…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Educational Research, Intervention, Program Implementation
Reichardt, Charles S. – American Journal of Evaluation, 2022
Evaluators are often called upon to assess the effects of programs. To assess a program effect, evaluators need a clear understanding of how a program effect is defined. Arguably, the most widely used definition of a program effect is the counterfactual one. According to the counterfactual definition, a program effect is the difference between…
Descriptors: Program Evaluation, Definitions, Causal Models, Evaluation Methods
