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Direct linkArffman, Inga – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2016
Open-ended (OE) items are widely used to gather data on student performance in international achievement studies. However, several factors may threaten validity when using such items. This study examined Finnish coders' opinions about threats to validity when coding responses to OE items in the PISA 2012 problem-solving test. A total of 6…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment, Secondary School Students
Richland, Lindsey Engle – Cognition and Instruction, 2015
Deictic linking gestures, hand and arm motions that physically embody links being communicated between two or more objects in the shared communicative environment, are explored in a cross-cultural sample of mathematics instruction. Linking gestures are specifically examined here when they occur in the context of communicative analogies designed to…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Nonverbal Communication, Role, Mathematics Instruction
