Inequality often appears in linked pairs of variables. Examples include schooling and income, income and consumption, and wealth and happiness. Consider the famous words of Veblen: "wealth confers honor." Understanding inequality requires understanding input inequality, outcome inequality, and the relation between the two--in both…

The aim of this study was to examine the methodological tendencies in the doctorate theses which were prepared in the field of Sports Management in Turkish between 2007 and 2016 and which were open to access in the database of the Council of Higher Education (CHE) National Theses Center. In this context, 111 doctorate theses prepared in the last…

We present three strategies to replace the null hypothesis statistical significance testing approach in psychological research: (1) visual representation of cognitive processes and predictions, (2) visual representation of data distributions and choice of the appropriate distribution for analysis, and (3) model comparison. The three strategies…

It is more common for educational and psychological data to be nonnormal than to be approximately normal. This tendency may lead to bias and error in point estimates of the Pearson correlation coefficient. In a series of Monte Carlo simulations, the Pearson correlation was examined under conditions of normal and nonnormal data, and it was compared…

Most questions in social and biomedical sciences are causal in nature: what would happen to individuals, or to groups, if part of their environment were changed? In this groundbreaking text, two world-renowned experts present statistical methods for studying such questions. This book starts with the notion of potential outcomes, each corresponding…

Engaging students in active learning can enhance their understanding and appreciation of a subject such as statistics. Classroom activities and projects help to engage students and further promote the learning process. In this paper, an activity investigating the influence of population size and wealth on the medal counts from the 2012 London…

In the article "Exploring the Sensitivity of Horn's Parallel Analysis to the Distributional Form of Random Data," Dinno (this issue) provides strong evidence that the distribution of random data does not have a significant influence on the outcome of the analysis. Hayton appreciates the thorough approach to evaluating this assumption, and agrees…

Written by a social worker for social work students, this is a nuts and bolts guide to statistics that presents complex calculations and concepts in clear, easy-to-understand language. It includes numerous examples, data sets, and issues that students will encounter in social work practice. The first section introduces basic concepts and terms to…

This paper illustrates an application of Efron's bootstrap to the repeated measures design. While this approach does not require parametric assumptions, it does utilize distributional information in the sample. By appropriately resampling from study data, the bootstrap may determine accurate sampling distributions for estimators, effects, or…

Sampling error refers to variability that is unique to the sample. If the sample is the entire population, then there is no sampling error. A related point is that sampling error is a function of sample size, as a hypothetical example illustrates. As the sample statistics more and more closely approximate the population parameters, the sampling…

This document reviews "The Collected Works of George E. P. Box," edited by G. C. Tiao. The two-volume collection is divided into five parts. Each part is prefaced with an introduction by a statistical researcher giving his view of the motivation and highlights of the papers presented. The 16 papers in Part 1 on statistical inference,…

Mardia's measure of multivariate kurtosis has been implemented in many statistical packages commonly used by social scientists. It provides important information on whether a commonly used multivariate procedure is appropriate for inference. Many statistical packages also have options for missing data. However, there is no procedure for applying…

This simple method for simulating the Central Limit Theorem with students in a beginning nonmajor statistics class requires students to use dice to simulate drawing samples from a discrete uniform distribution. On a chalkboard, the distribution of sample means is superimposed on a graph of the discrete uniform distribution to provide visual…

Comments on some methodological limitations of the research base of "The Bell Curve": blind use of the normal distribution (bell curve); avoidance of nonnormal statistical distributions, which are more appropriate for some social and economic characteristics; copious use of percentiles and quintiles, inappropriate with nonnormal…

A procedure for the analysis of judgmental estimates is derived. It uses a t-distribution concept to derive the relative experience of an expert and uses the derived experience as weight to obtain a weighted mean. Using this method, error in estimation was reduced by an average of one-half. (Author/BW)