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Zhang, Lishan; VanLehn, Kurt – Interactive Learning Environments, 2017
The paper describes a biology tutoring system with adaptive question selection. Questions were selected for presentation to the student based on their utilities, which were estimated from the chance that the student's competence would increase if the questions were asked. Competence was represented by the probability of mastery of a set of biology…
Descriptors: Biology, Science Instruction, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Probability
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Andrews, Mark; Vigliocco, Gabriella; Vinson, David – Psychological Review, 2009
The authors identify 2 major types of statistical data from which semantic representations can be learned. These are denoted as "experiential data" and "distributional data". Experiential data are derived by way of experience with the physical world and comprise the sensory-motor data obtained through sense receptors. Distributional data, by…
Descriptors: Semantics, Written Language, Statistical Distributions, Statistical Data
Gazdar, Gerald – 1976
This is a tongue-in-cheek rendering of an imaginary linguist's attempt to prove that a grammatical rule is not in fact optional, but conditioned. Through manipulation of the data, use of computers, etc., he succeeds in "proving" this. He also "proves" that this conditioning is contextual; that the rule which exhibits it is…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Descriptive Linguistics, Generative Grammar, Graphs