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When Shorter Delays Lead to Worse Memories: Task Disruption Makes Visual Working Memory Temporarily Vulnerable to Test Interference
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Wang, Benchi; Theeuwes, Jan; Olivers, Christian N. L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Evidence shows that visual working memory (VWM) is strongly served by attentional mechanisms, whereas other evidence shows that VWM representations readily survive when attention is being taken away. To reconcile these findings, we tested the hypothesis that directing attention away makes a memory representation vulnerable to interference from the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Test Items, Foreign Countries
Different Levels of Learning Interact to Shape the Congruency Sequence Effect
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Weissman, Daniel H.; Hawks, Zoë W.; Egner, Tobias – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
The congruency effect in distracter interference tasks is often reduced after incongruent relative to congruent trials. Moreover, this "congruency sequence effect" (CSE) is influenced by learning related to concrete stimulus and response features as well as by learning related to abstract cognitive control processes. There is an ongoing…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Experiments, Learning Processes, Stimuli
Flexible Conflict Management: Conflict Avoidance and Conflict Adjustment in Reactive Cognitive Control
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Dignath, David; Kiesel, Andrea; Eder, Andreas B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Conflict processing is assumed to serve two crucial, yet distinct functions: Regarding task performance, control is adjusted to overcome the conflict. Regarding task choice, control is harnessed to bias decision making away from the source of conflict. Despite recent theoretical progress, until now two lines of research addressed these…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Conflict, Adjustment (to Environment), Reaction Time
Adaptive Memory: Animacy Enhances Free Recall but Impairs Cued Recall
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Popp, Earl Y.; Serra, Michael J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Recent research suggests that human memory systems evolved to remember animate things better than inanimate things. In the present experiments, we examined whether these effects occur for both free recall and cued recall. In Experiment 1, we directly compared the effect of animacy on free recall and cued recall. Participants studied lists of…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Memory, Recall (Psychology), Cues
The Power of Instructions: Proactive Configuration of Stimulus-Response Translation
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Meiran, Nachshon; Pereg, Maayan; Kessler, Yoav; Cole, Michael W.; Braver, Todd S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Humans are characterized by an especially highly developed ability to use instructions to prepare toward upcoming events; yet, it is unclear just how powerful instructions can be. Although prior work provides evidence that instructions can be sufficiently powerful to proactively program working memory to execute stimulus-response (S-R)…
Descriptors: Responses, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Stimuli
Conflict Adaptation and Congruency Sequence Effects to Social-Emotional Stimuli in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Worsham, Whitney; Gray, Whitney E.; Larson, Michael J.; South, Mikle – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2015
Background: The modification of performance following conflict can be measured using conflict adaptation tasks thought to measure the change in the allocation of cognitive resources in order to reduce conflict interference and improve performance. While previous studies have suggested atypical processing during nonsocial cognitive control tasks,…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Conflict, Adjustment (to Environment)