The position of the "purists" who insist on limiting data to ordinal analysis is contrasted with the "pragmatists" who treat data as interval. (Author)

A method of applying the discriminant function to correlated samples was discussed for the researcher interested in utilizing multivariate statistics to pre-post data. By finding the linear combination that maximizes differences in the groups, the t-statistic can be computed for correlated samples. (Author)

SEVENTH- AND EIGHTH-GRADE PUPILS WERE SELECTED FOR THIS STUDY OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOOD AND POOR PROBLEM-SOLVERS AND FOR AN ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY. THESE PUPILS WERE OLD ENOUGH FOR MANY TESTS IN LARGE-SCALE FACTOR ANALYSES OF REASONING ABILITY, AND HAVE HAD LITTLE PARTICIPATION IN FORMAL PROBLEM-SOLVING ACTIVITIES. SEVERAL TESTS OF…

This document explores some of the problems associated with understanding the data of a report completed by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The report deals with science achievement among young Americans over a period of four years. The procedure used by NAEP in assessing educational achievement and the factors involved in…

The power of a statistical test is, in part, a function of the reliability of the dependable variable being analyzed. The substitution of sigma square divided by the reliability coefficient for sigma is proposed. This enables the researcher to incorporate dependent variable reliability information when determining the sample size required for a…

Two well known directional (one-tailed) tests of significance, mean difference and correlation coefficient, are presented within the multiple linear regression framework. Adjustments on the computed probability level are indicated. The case for a directional interaction research hypothesis is defended. Conservative adjustments on the computed…

The central concern of this book is the pursuit of experimental methods whereby grammatical and semantic inquiry can be put on a satisfying objective basis. (To state that the aim is to find out whether a given linguistic form is "acceptable" is true, but an oversimplification which is misleading because it implies a "yes or no" decision and…

A new formula is developed for the relative efficiency of two tests measuring the same trait. The formula expresses relative efficiency solely in terms of the standard errors of measurement and, surprisingly, the frequency distributions of true scores. Approximate methods for estimating relative efficiency may make this function routinely…

The sign test is perhaps the simplest nonparametric procedure comparable to the commonly used parametric t-test. This test is easily applied which makes it useful preliminary analysis and for the analysis of data of passing interest. A large variety of its applications to education research, usually not found in the standard textbooks, is included…

The area investigated in the present study is the comparison of the permutation t-test with Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. The comparison was made for small samples for three distributions, including a normal distribution, a uniform distribution, and a skewed distribution. The properties of each test compared were the probability of…

Three statistical analysis procedures for analysis of repeated measures data are examined. The procedures are classical mixed model analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of repeated measures, and the analysis of covariance structures. (Author/JKS)

Describes the method and the options, provided with the use of the computer for scoring and analyzing tests. (GA)

One of the most frequently encountered problems in educational research and evaluation is that of evaluating the effect of a treatment in settings over which the researcher or evaluator has little control. A strong plea is made for use of quasi-experimental designs in these situations and this research provides a method of testing the hypothesis…