The evaluation of competing analysis strategies based on estimator bias and variance is demonstrated using gains in standard scores and analysis of covariance procedures for quasi-experiments conforming to the fan-spread hypothesis. The findings do not lead to a uniform recommendation of either approach. (Author/JKS)

When reporting results, researchers must not change predetermined significance levels. Such attempts to make results more significant are statistically inaccurate, illogical, and unethical. American Psychological Association standards for reporting significance should be more explicit. (CP)

Five methods of performing pairwise multiple comparisons in repeated measures designs were investigated. Consideration of both Type I and Type II error rates found in the simulated conditions for the five procedures suggests that a Bonferroni method utilizing a separate error term for each comparison should be employed. (Author/JKS)

An expanded multiple matrix sampling procedure to collect assessment data for health education courses in upper elementary and junior high schools is outlined. This supplement to the Cooperative Health Education Test provides data at the school building and district levels. (JMF)

Some of the more simplified methods for contrasts with equal sample sizes in multiple regression analysis are shown to result in erroneous calculations when applied to data sets with unequal sample sizes. An alternative method is provided. (Author/JKS)

The nonparametric hypothesis-testing model of M. L. Puri and P. K. Sen (1969, 1985) circumvents concerns regarding the inapplicability of nonparametric statistics outside simple cases and the lack of pertinent computer programs. The breadth and flexibility of the model are illustrated with several examples. (TJH)

A model is proposed for empirically testing the appropriateness of using tetrachoric correlations for a set of dichotomous variables. A testing method is proposed that uses information from trivariate marginal tables. Assumptions are tested with real and simulated data. (SLD)

Describes a citation analysis that was performed to explore the extent and nature of the contributions of linguistic theory to information science research from 1950 to 1984. Quantitative and qualitative assessments are discussed, hypotheses tested are described, and recent developments in linguistic theory are addressed. (38 references) (LRW)

Reviews the role of statistical hypothesis testing in research, discusses the problems with multiple t tests, indicates when they are a problem, and suggests a compromise solution. (one reference) (JL)

This addendum to an article that appeared in an earlier issue of this journal that described how a group of 89 brain-damaged subjects performed on a battery of tests that evaluate different kinds of verb knowledge and processing reports new statistical analyses that shed light on a complex set of findings presented in the original article.…

We focus on the problem of ignoring statistical independence. A binomial experiment is used to determine whether judges could match, based on looks alone, dogs to their owners. The experimental design introduces dependencies such that the probability of a given judge correctly matching a dog and an owner changes from trial to trial. We show how…

The current investigation examined the form and magnitude of the relationship between political skill and two intrapersonal worker reactions--job satisfaction and job tension. Political skill was hypothesized to demonstrate an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship with job satisfaction and a U-shaped relationship with job tension. Data from…

The purpose of this tutorial is threefold: (a) review the state of statistical science regarding effect-sizes, (b) illustrate the importance of effect-sizes for interpreting findings in all forms of research and particularly for results of clinical-outcome research, and (c) demonstrate just how easily a criterion on reporting effect-sizes in…

Procrastination is now a common phenomenon among students, particularly those at the higher level. And this is doing more harm to their academic achievement than good. Therefore, this study examined the correlates between academic procrastination and mathematics achievement among the university mathematics undergraduate students. The study used a…

Evidence-based practice approaches to interventions has come of age and promises to provide a new standard of excellence for school psychologists. This article describes several definitions of evidence-based practice and the problems associated with traditional statistical analyses that rely on rejection of the null hypothesis for the…