THE PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF ERROR OF MEASUREMENT UPON THE POWER OF STATISTICAL TESTS. ATTENTION WAS FOCUSED ON THE F-TEST OF THE SINGLE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE. FORMULAS WERE DERIVED TO SHOW THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NONCENTRALITY PARAMETERS FOR ANALYSES USING TRUE SCORES AND THOSE USING OBSERVED SCORES. THE…

The effect of prior information in Bayesian estimation is considered, mainly from the standpoint of objective testing. In the estimation of a parameter belonging to an individual, the prior information is, in most cases, the density function of the population to which the individual belongs. Bayesian estimation was compared with maximum likelihood…

It is asserted that Steven's viewpoint on measurement--that scales are nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio--has a limited usefulness for behavioral scientists and researchers, and that it is necessary to develop an alternative. Some limitations of Steven's theory are discussed: (1) its assumptions about the nature and purpose of measurement; (2)…

The multivariate general linear hypothesis (MGLH) has received relatively little utilization in educational research and evaluation. This is surprising in view of the fact that recent publications have made the MGLH tractable by practitioners. This paper seeks to stimulate interest in the MGLH by reviewing recent applications, emphasizing the…

The use of characteristic coding (dummy coding) is made in showing solutions to four multivariate problems using canonical analysis. The canonical variates can be themselves analyzed by the use of multiple linear regression. When the canonical variates are used as criteria in a multiple linear regression, the R2 values are equal to 0, where 0 is…

One solution to the problem of obtaining test scores in order to assess multiple outcomes of educational programs is a basically simple technique called matrix sampling. Matrix sampling is the estimation of total test score statistics by administering random subsets of test items to randomly selected students. This chapter lays out the specific…

An investigation was conducted of the characteristics of two estimation procedures and corresponding test statistics used in the analysis of completely randomized factorial experiments when observations are lost at random. For one estimator, contrast coefficients for cell means did not involve the cell frequencies. For the other, contrast…

The purpose of this study was to test training techniques designed (1) to induce conservation of discontinuous quantity in children, and (2) to induce ability to take different social roles. Also tested was this hypothesis: successfully training children in conservation will improve their ability to take different social roles, and conversely,…

Two groups of 5-year-old children were evaluated using several measures of language and concept ability: Stanford-Binet, Form L-M; Preschool Inventory (PSI); Boehm Test of Basic Concepts; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Form B (PPVT); and the Auditory-Vocal Automatic, Motor Encoding, Auditory-Vocal Association, and Vocal Encoding subtests of the…

Statistical methods that can be applied in the sequential analysis of multivariate empirical data are provided. Twenty-three specific formulas for use under varying conditions are discussed. A historical sketch of sequential analysis since World War II and a bibliography are included. (AE)

This experiment was designed to determine the relationship between reaction time, error rate and performance on a variety of cognitive and social measures, as well as in relation to demographic variables (race, months at Yonge School, grade, and sex). Sixty students (first through third grade) were tested on the first fifteen items of the…

The effects of violation of the assumption of homogeneity of regression on the Type I error rate and on the power of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were investigated. The data situations included in the study involved two groups with one covariate and one criterion, with varying equal and unequal group sizes, and varying degrees of violation of…

Two approaches were used to predict State Board Examinations (SBE) results for students in four schools of nursing. Multiple regression was used to predict scores of 191 nurses who graduated and took the SBE. Discriminant function analysis was used for 375 nursing students to predict students who would take and pass the SBE from those who would…

An influential statistics test recommends a Levene text for homogeneity of variance. A recent note suggests that Levene's test is upwardly biased for small samples. Another report shows inflated Alpha estimates and low power. Neither study utilized more than two sample sizes. This Monte Carlo study involved sampling from a normal population for…

The GRE Board established the Research Program to investigate ways to improve the GRE and its overall operation. Approximately 30 projects have been undertaken and funded by the GRE Board; perhaps a third of these have been completed. These projects can be divided into three groups: (1) those dealing with product or process or marketing…