This appendix accompanies "Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades: Why Some Schools Do Better. A Large-Scale Study of Middle Grades Practices and Student Outcomes. Initial Research Report." This appendix focuses on the findings and domain comparisons of the study. This appendix contains the following: (1) Decision Rules; (2) Full Set of…

This study examined the stereotypes held by American native English-speaking students at the Monterey Institute of International Studies (MIIS) about gender and language. Captions from 14 cartoons in 1993 issues of "The New Yorker" magazine were used to elicit subjects' stereotypes. The issue of whether there would be a difference…

Data from the 1985-86 Peru Living Standards Survey were used to analyze the targeting of public education expenditures and the effects on enrollment of public school fees and reduced travel time to secondary schools. This chapter also focuses on strengths and weaknesses of using either an estimation-based measure of benefit or a…

The study examined the role student, teacher/classroom, and school characteristics play on the "digital divide" in access and utilization of various technology tools among elementary school students. Survey data was collected from 1,027 fourth- and fifth-grade students in 48 classrooms in northeastern Ohio. A two-level hierarchical…

To determine if women or men have lower aspiration levels for school administrative positions, male and female administrative certificate holders were asked for their ultimate career goal. The most frequent response was superintendent (36 percent), followed by elementary principal, out of education, and professor (12 percent for each choice). The…

A study investigated the English language proficiency of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) student teachers in five Egyptian university schools of education. Comparisons of language proficiency level were made between schools, and proficiency comparisons were made between teachers based on instructional level (first or second year) and sex. An…

A study investigated the validity of an English listening skills test by comparing the results of native American and British English speakers with those of Dutch students of English as a second language. A hypothesis suggested that two-thirds of the items would test listening skills and the remaining third would test other knowledge. Test results…

The relationship between student personality traits and achievement with either mediated self-instruction or didactic large group instruction was investigated. Subjects were 159 female third-year nursing students at Loyola University of Chicago. Subjects received instruction on tracheostomy care and intravenous (I.V.) therapy through either a…

Current research suggests that the difference in mathematics achievement between males and females in and beyond the junior high school grades is a direct consequence of the decision by many girls not to take advanced mathematics courses during high school. The first section of this paper indicates at least three factors influence this decision:…

The U.S. Bureau of the Census records how much all families and persons in the nation receive. This is done to provide a systematic measure of our economic standing as a people. The bureau makes its record in two ways. First, every 10 years in the census, people are asked how much income they received in the year before Census Day which came on…

One of the many criticisms leveled at standardized testing is that the time limits commonly used require a speed component of performance which may act to the disadvantaged of certain culturally defined groups. Recent studies by the authors examined the question of differential time limits and group performance for standardized academic aptitude…

This study assessed the effects of selected environmental factors on the post-high school adjustment of male Negroes from 12th-grade Project TALENT sample. Environmental influences were (1) Negro density in high school, (2) urban or rural school population, and (3) geographic region. Post-high school adjustment variables were (1) job stability,…

The purposes of this study were to determine the common professional competencies needed by community college instructors of trade and industrial education, to determine resemblances of the instructors according to the 99 professional competencies, and to determine differences in the colleges according to the competencies. The data were collected…

The stability and change of verbal, non-verbal, and total IQ scores from group tests were investigated for students tested at Grades 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11. Conclusions are discussed in detail, and the following recommendations are made: (1) Group intelligence tests should not be routinely administered in Grades 1 and 2 unless the users and…

This paper examines the development and evaluation of criterion-referenced measures, and elaborates on the distinction between them and norm-referenced measures. The concept of sensitivity is introduced as an appropriate method for evaluating such measures, and a sensitivity index is proposed. The traditional model for the response of a subject to…