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Direct linkOscar Clivio; Avi Feller; Chris Holmes – Grantee Submission, 2024
Reweighting a distribution to minimize a distance to a target distribution is a powerful and flexible strategy for estimating a wide range of causal effects, but can be challenging in practice because optimal weights typically depend on knowledge of the underlying data generating process. In this paper, we focus on design-based weights, which do…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Causal Models, Error of Measurement, Guidelines
Download full textRaudenbush, Stephen W.; Jean, Marshall – Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 2012
A teacher's value-added score is intended to convey how much that teacher has contributed to student learning in a particular subject in a particular year. Different school districts define and compute value-added scores in different ways. A variety of people may see value-added estimates, and each group may use them for different purposes.…
Descriptors: Teacher Effectiveness, Achievement Tests, Statistical Bias, Teacher Evaluation
