Different sources of assessment evidence are reviewed during International Baccalaureate (IB) grade awarding to convert marks into grades and ensure fair results for students. Qualitative and quantitative evidence are analysed to determine grade boundaries, with statistical evidence weighed against examiner judgement and teachers' feedback on…

Twenty-eight studies of grades, over a century, were reviewed using the argument-based approach to validity suggested by Kane as a theoretical framework. The review draws conclusions about the meaning of graded achievement, its relation to tested achievement, and changes in the construct of graded achievement over time. "Graded…

Drawing on the distinction between absent and present presences, this article contributes to our understanding of how new managerial and performative discourses are played out in a secondary school context in Sweden. The consequences of numerous educational reforms during the last 20 years include a surge of new independent schools and increased…

Data can serve as a powerful tool to ensure equity for students: if educators examine data through the lens of social justice, they will reveal success stories and wounds. At the author's former school, Nipher Middle School in Saint Louis, Missouri, the wounds of previous data-driven decisions were real. Using a social justice lens to examine…

The purpose of the study is to investigate the predictive validity of criterion- and norm-referenced grades and the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT) and, in particular, possible differences in the prediction of achievement in higher education across academic programs. The analyses were based on credit points obtained by 164,106 Swedish…

VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE MARKING PRACTICES OF 39 SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FROM TWO SCHOOLS IN METROPOLITAN NASHVILLE-DAVIDSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE, WERE STUDIED. SPECIAL MARKING EXERCISES CONTAINING STANDARD DATA ON HYPOTHETICAL STUDENTS WERE USED TO STUDY THE MARKING PRACTICES OF TEACHERS UNDER MORE UNIFORM CONDITIONS THAN EXIST IN THE CLASSROOM. A…

The use of statistics on grades as a criteria for accountability is limiting and misleading. Alternative indicators of school performance are suggested, including the Scottish Education Data Archive. (JMF)

Presented in this document are statistical tables showing the distribution of scholarship grades for the academic year 1973-74 at the University of California at Berkeley. The data is divided by the department and listed under lower division courses, upper division courses, graduate division courses, professional courses, and graduate 601-602…

TO FIND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FINAL RESULTS AND MARKS GAINED IN THE WRITTEN AND ORAL PARTS OF THE 1964 SENIOR GERMAN EXAMINATION, THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS OF 674 CANDIDATES WERE EXAMINED. THIS EXAMINATION, HELD AFTER THE FOURTH YEAR OF SECONDARY SCHOOLING AND USED AS A BASIS FOR UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND MATRICULATION, CONSISTED OF--(1) THE ORAL…

The article is concerned with the phenomenon of numerical marks, awarded for students' work, regressing to the mean when a number of components are amalgamated to achieve an overall mark. It is shown that such an effect is largely inevitable and one possible way of overcoming the problem is presented. (Author)

In support of Ginsberg's theory (TM 508 964), a third corollary to the Conservation of Discretion Law is proposed: Where possible, the worker will use a statistic not as a statistic but, rather, as an instrument to reduce the workload. Three illustrations are presented: grade point averages, crime rates, and recidivism rates. (BW)

To supplement an experiment at the University of Northern Iowa on the effectiveness of college-level instruction in freshman composition, the University of Iowa conducted its own experiment on the evaluation of freshman composition. This experiment was designed to determine (1) which method of rating papers is more reliable--the "general…

A STUDY OF FIVE DIFFERENT ESSAY EVALUATION PROCEDURES WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE INTRARELIABILITY OF EACH AND TO USE THESE RELIABILITY SCORES AS A BASIS FOR COMPARING THE FIVE PROCEDURES. TEN THEMES WERE ASSIGNED TO FIVE RATING GROUPS, EACH USING A DIFFERENT EVALUATION PROCEDURE--(1) THE CALIFORNIA ESSAY SCALE, (2) THE CLEVELAND COMPOSITION…

Selected papers and discussions from the Conference of University Administrators held at University College of Swansea on March 31 - April 2, 1977 are presented. The characteristics of a departmental administrator are described, as well as his responsibilities and relationships with members of the staff in the department, with the central…

The Postsecondary Education Transcript File of the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72) is a machine-readable data file containing information on transcripts from NLS-72 senior cohort members who reported attending a postsecondary institution after high school. Records were obtained from all types of educational…