Tests of statistical significance often play a decisive role in establishing the empirical warrant of evidence-based research in education. The results from pattern-based assessment items, as introduced in this paper, are categorical and multimodal and do not immediately support the use of measures of central tendency as typically related to…

This paper illustrates the use of the McNemar Test, using a hypothetical problem. The McNemar Test is a nonparametric statistical test that is a type of chi square test using dependent, rather than independent, samples to assess before-after designs in which each subject is used as his or her own control. Results of the McNemar test make it…

This paper relates common statistics from contingency table analysis to the more familiar R squared terminology in order to better understand the strength of the relation implied. The method of coding contingency tables was shown, as well as how R squared related to phi, V, and chi squared. (Author/CTM)

When examining a repeated measures design with independent groups for a significant group by trial interaction, classical analysis of variance or multivariate procedures can be used if the assumptions underlying the tests are met. Neither procedure may be justified for designs with small sample sizes and dichotomous dependent variables. An omnibus…

A Monte Carlo technique was used to investigate the small sample goodness of fit and statistical power of several nonparametric tests and their parametric analogues when applied to data which violate parametric assumptions. The motivation was to facilitate choice among three designs, simple random assignment with and without a concomitant variable…