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Andreas B. Eder; Vanessa Mitschke – npj Science of Learning, 2025
This study investigated outcome-selective Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) in fight-or-flight decision making. Participants learned to attack or retreat from monsters (instrumental phase) and to associate environments with specific monsters without responding (Pavlovian phase). In the transfer phase, they chose responses to unseen monsters…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Emotional Response, Decision Making, Stimuli
Perez, Omar D.; Vogel, Edgar H.; Naraslwodeyar, Sanjay; Soto, Fabian A. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Theories of learning distinguish between elemental and configural stimulus processing depending on whether stimuli are processed independently or as whole configurations. Evidence for elemental processing comes from findings of summation in animals where a compound of two dissimilar stimuli is deemed to be more predictive than each stimulus alone,…
Descriptors: Cues, Associative Learning, Stimuli, Prediction
Elsa Raynal; Kate Schipper; Catherine Brandner; Paolo Ruggeri; Jérôme Barral – npj Science of Learning, 2024
Associative learning abilities vary considerably among individuals, with attentional processes suggested to play a role in these variations. However, the relationship between attentional processes and individual differences in associative learning remains unclear, and whether these variations reflect in event-related potentials (ERPs) is unknown.…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Attention, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences
Zaman, Jonas; Yu, Kenny; Lee, Jessica C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In the field of stimulus generalization, an old yet unresolved discussion pertains to what extent stimulus misidentifications contribute to the pattern of conditioned responding. In this article, we perform cluster analysis on six datasets (four published datasets and two unpublished datasets, included N = 950) to examine the relationship between…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Stimuli, Identification, Cognitive Processes
Rey, Arnaud; Fagot, Joël; Mathy, Fabien; Lazartigues, Laura; Tosatto, Laure; Bonafos, Guillem; Freyermuth, Jean-Marc; Lavigne, Frédéric – Cognitive Science, 2022
The extraction of cooccurrences between two events, A and B, is a central learning mechanism shared by all species capable of associative learning. Formally, the cooccurrence of events A and B appearing in a sequence is measured by the transitional probability (TP) between these events, and it corresponds to the probability of the second stimulus…
Descriptors: Animals, Learning Processes, Associative Learning, Serial Learning
Yokose, Jun; Marks, William D.; Yamamoto, Naoki; Ogawa, Sachie K.; Kitamura, Takashi – Learning & Memory, 2021
Temporal association learning (TAL) allows for the linkage of distinct, nonsynchronous events across a period of time. This function is driven by neural interactions in the entorhinal cortical-hippocampal network, especially the neural input from the pyramidal cells in layer III of medial entorhinal cortex (MECIII) to hippocampal CA1 is crucial…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization, Stimuli
Engle, Jae; Baker-Harvey, Hazel; Nguyen, Hieu-Kevin; Carney, Hunter; Stavropoulos, Katherine; Carver, Leslie J. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to learn from expectations is foundational to social and nonsocial learning in children. However, we know little about the brain basis of reward expectation in development. Here, 3- to 4-year-olds (N = 26) were shown a passive associative learning paradigm with dynamic stimuli. Anticipation for reward-related stimuli was measured via…
Descriptors: Brain, Preschool Children, Stimuli, Rewards
Tovar-Díaz, Jorge; Morín, Jean-Pascal; Ríos-Carrillo, Jorge Eduardo; de Jesús, Hilda Sánchez; Roldán-Roldán, Gabriel – Learning & Memory, 2021
In conditioned odor aversion (COA), the association of a tasteless odorized solution (the conditioned stimulus [CS]) with an intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (the unconditioned stimulus [US]), which produces visceral malaise, results in its future avoidance. The strength of this associative memory is mainly dependent on two parameters, that is,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Associative Learning, Conditioning, Olfactory Perception
When Visual Distractors Predict Tactile Search: The Temporal Profile of Cross-Modal Spatial Learning
Chen, Siyi; Shi, Zhuanghua; Müller, Hermann J.; Geyer, Thomas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Contextual cueing refers to the guidance of search by associative learning of the location of task-relevant target items in relation to the consistent arrangement of distractor ("context") items in the search display. The present study investigated whether such target-distractor associations could also be formed in a cross-modal search…
Descriptors: Cues, Associative Learning, Spatial Ability, Visual Stimuli
Gupta, Richa; Mannheimer, Steve; Madhusudan Rao, P. V.; Balakrishnan, Meenakshi – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2022
Introduction: This work investigates if simple two-dimensional (2D) tactile shapes can facilitate encoding, retention, and retrieval of associated information in the form of one-word labels. It also questions the need for the resemblance of tactile graphics with respective visual referents. Methods: Four experiments were conducted using recall…
Descriptors: Visual Impairments, Blindness, Stimuli, Foreign Countries
Schmäing, Till; Grotjohann, Norbert – Education Sciences, 2021
This paper presents students' word associations with terms regarding the Wadden Sea. A continuous free word-association method was used in which the students from secondary schools (n = 3119, average age: 13.54 years) reported their associations with the stimulus words "Wadden Sea," "mudflat hiking tour," and "tides"…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Stimuli, Vocabulary, Ecology