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Pinkston, Jonathan W.; Lamb, R. J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
When given to pigeons, the direct-acting dopamine agonist apomorphine elicits pecking. The response has been likened to foraging pecking because it bears remarkable similarity to foraging behavior, and it is enhanced by food deprivation. On the other hand, other data suggest the response is not related to foraging behavior and may even interfere…
Descriptors: Animals, Brain, Biochemistry, Experiments
April, L. Brooke; Bruce, Katherine; Galizio, Mark – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Previous research has shown that rats can learn matching-to-sample relations with olfactory stimuli; however, the specific characteristics of this relational control are unclear. In Experiment 1, 6 rats were trained to either match or nonmatch to sample in a modified operant chamber using common household spices as olfactory stimuli. After…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Generalization, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
Paeye, Celine; Madelain, Laurent – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Saccadic endpoint variability is often viewed as the outcome of neural noise occurring during sensorimotor processing. However, part of this variability might result from operant learning. We tested this hypothesis by reinforcing dispersions of saccadic amplitude distributions, while maintaining constant their medians. In a first experiment we…
Descriptors: Human Body, Eye Movements, Perceptual Motor Learning, Operant Conditioning
Fields, Lanny; Watanabe-Rose, Mari – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
By definition, all of the stimuli in an equivalence class have to be functionally interchangeable with each other. The present experiment, however, demonstrated that this was not the case when using post-class-formation dual-option response transfer tests. With college students, two 4-node 6-member equivalence classes with nodal structures of…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classification, Operant Conditioning, College Students
Perez-Gonzalez, Luis Antonio; Alonso-Alvarez, Benigno – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
We tested whether teaching control by single stimulus samples in conditional discriminations would result in common control of two-stimuli compound samples, and vice versa. In Experiment 1, 5 participants were first taught four single-sample conditional discriminations. The first conditional discrimination was as follows: given sample stimulus P1,…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Operant Conditioning, Discrimination Learning, Undergraduate Students
Cohn, Scott I.; Weiss, Stanley J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Previous experiments have demonstrated that the simultaneous presentation of independently established discriminative stimuli can control rates of operant responding substantially higher than the rates occasioned by the individual stimuli. This "additive summation" phenomenon has been shown with a variety of different reinforcers (e.g., food,…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Olfactory Perception, Stimuli, Auditory Discrimination
Horne, Pauline J.; Lowe, C. Fergus; Harris, Fay D. A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Following pre-training with everyday objects, 8 children aged from 2 to 4 years learned to produce one manual sign (fists placed one above the other, in front of body) to one stimulus and an alternative manual sign (shoulders touched with ipsilateral hands) to the other stimulus, with each of three pairs of different arbitrary wooden shapes (Set…
Descriptors: Young Children, Naming, Classification, Stimuli
Burgos, Jose E. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
This article presents an interpretation of autoshaping, and positive and negative automaintenance, based on a neural-network model. The model makes no distinction between operant and respondent learning mechanisms, and takes into account knowledge of hippocampal and dopaminergic systems. Four simulations were run, each one using an "A-B-A" design…
Descriptors: Brain, Models, Neurological Organization, Simulation
DeFulio, Anthony; Hackenberg, Timothy D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Two experiments examined pigeons' postponement of a signaled extinction period, or timeout (TO), from an ongoing schedule of response-dependent food delivery. A concurrent-operant procedure was used in which responses on one (food) key produced food according to a variable-interval schedule and responses on a second (postponement) key delayed the…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Timeout, Intervals, Animals
Thompson, Travis – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
This paper proposes that an organism's integrated repertoire of operant behavior has the status of a biological system, similar to other biological systems, like the nervous, cardiovascular, or immune systems. Evidence from a number of sources indicates that the distinctions between biological and behavioral events is often misleading, engendering…
Descriptors: Behavioral Sciences, Biology, Behavior, Reinforcement
Sealey, Diane M.; Sumpter, Catherine E.; Temple, W.; Foster, T. Mary – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
To examine the effects on concurrent performance of independent manipulations of response-unit duration and number, 6 hens were exposed to concurrent second- order schedules of reinforcement. Each first-order operant unit required completion of a fixed-ratio schedule within the time specified by a fixed- interval schedule, with one further…
Descriptors: Intervals, Reinforcement, Stimuli, Prediction
MacDonall, James S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
Contingencies of reinforcement specify how reinforcers are earned and how they are obtained. Ratio contingencies specify the number of responses that earn a reinforcer, and the response satisfying the ratio requirement obtains the earned reinforcer. Simple interval schedules specify that a certain time earns a reinforcer, which is obtained by the…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Intervals, Experiments, Preferences
Dinsmoor, James A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2004
The origins of many of the basic concepts used in the experimental analysis of behavior can be traced to Pavlov's (1927/1960) discussion of unconditional and conditional reflexes in the dog, but often with substantial changes in meaning (e.g., stimulus, response, and reinforcement). Other terms were added by Skinner (1938/1991) to describe his…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Operant Conditioning, Etymology, Reinforcement
Fields, Lanny; Fitzer, Adrienne; Shamoun, Kimberly; Matneja, Priya; Watanabe, Mari; Tittelbach, Danielle – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
After training conditional discriminations among selected stimuli from two perceptual classes, the emergence of novel relations involving other members of both classes was assessed using cross-class probes. The cross-class probes were presented using one of four different testing schedules. In the 2/9 test, nine different probes were presented in…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Operant Conditioning, Tests, Undergraduate Students
Schlund, Michael W.; Cataldo, Michael F. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
Results of numerous human imaging studies and nonhuman neurophysiological studies on "reward" highlight a role for frontal, striatal, and thalamic regions in operant learning. By integrating operant and functional neuroimaging methodologies, the present investigation examined brain activation to two types of discriminative stimuli correlated with…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Correlation, Role
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