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Troisi, Joseph R., II – Psychological Record, 2011
Operant extinction contingencies can undermine the discriminative stimulus effects of drugs. Here, nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) and ethanol (0.8 g/kg) first functioned as either an S[superscript D] or S[superscript Delta], in a counterbalanced one-lever go/no-go (across sessions) operant drug discrimination procedure. Pavlovian extinction in the training…
Descriptors: Narcotics, Classical Conditioning, Animals, Drug Use
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Bai, John Y. H.; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Reinforcing an alternative response in the same context as a target response reduces the rate of occurrence but increases the persistence of that target response. Applied researchers who use such techniques to decrease the rate of a target problem behavior risk inadvertently increasing the persistence of the same problem behavior. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Persistence, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
Furniss, F.; Biswas, A. B. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2012
Background: Behavioural interventions conceptualise self-injurious behaviour (SIB) as developing from early repetitive behaviours through acquisition of homeostatic functions in regulating stimulation and subsequent shaping into SIB through socially mediated or automatic operant reinforcement. Despite high success rates, such interventions rarely…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Mental Retardation, Classical Conditioning, Phenomenology
Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M.; Niv, Yael – Psychological Review, 2010
A. Redish et al. (2007) proposed a reinforcement learning model of context-dependent learning and extinction in conditioning experiments, using the idea of "state classification" to categorize new observations into states. In the current article, the authors propose an interpretation of this idea in terms of normative statistical inference. They…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Statistical Inference, Inferences, Bayesian Statistics
Lombas, Andres S.; Kearns, David N.; Weiss, Stanley J. – Learning and Motivation, 2008
The present experiment compared the effects of a food-based conditioned inhibitor on food seeking vs. cocaine seeking behavior. In two groups of rats, the A+/AB- Pavlovian conditioned inhibition procedure was used to create a conditioned inhibitor for food. Then, for one group of rats (Food-Food Group), a click stimulus was established as an…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Cocaine, Classical Conditioning, Animals
Lex, Anja; Hauber, Wolfgang – Learning & Memory, 2008
Pavlovian stimuli previously paired with food can markedly elevate the rate of food-reinforced instrumental responding. This effect, termed Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT), depends both on general activating and specific cueing properties of Pavlovian stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the general activating properties of Pavlovian…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement, Food
Weatherly, Jeffrey N.; Huls, Amber; Kulland, Ashley – Psychological Record, 2007
The present study investigated whether Pavlovian conditioning contributes, in the form of the response operandum serving as a conditioned stimulus, to the increase in the rate of response for 1% liquid-sucrose reinforcement when food-pellet reinforcement is upcoming. Rats were exposed to conditions in which sign tracking for 1% sucrose was…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Logical Thinking, Reinforcement
Hussaini, Syed Abid; Komischke, Bernhard; Menzel, Randolf; Lachnit, Harald – Learning & Memory, 2007
Second-order conditioning (SOC) is the association of a neutral stimulus with another stimulus that had previously been combined with an unconditioned stimulus (US). We used classical conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) in honeybees ("Apis mellifera") with odors (CS) and sugar (US). Previous SOC experiments in bees were…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Entomology, Stimuli, Food
Singer-Dudek, Jessica; Greer, R. Douglas; Schmelzkopf, Jeannine – Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 2008
This study sought to further investigate the effects of an observational intervention for two participants on the reinforcing property of pieces of string. Pre-observational intervention data showed that the neutral stimuli (strings) did not function to reinforce two participants' responding to a performance task or learning three new skills that…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Intervention, Observational Learning, Reinforcement
Troisi, Joseph R., II – Psychological Record, 2006
To date, only 1 study has evaluated the impact of a Pavlovian drug conditional stimulus (CS) on operant responding. A within-subject operant 1-lever go/no-go (across sessions) design was used to evaluate the impact of Pavlovian contingencies on the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) and ethanol (800 mg/kg) in male Sprague…
Descriptors: Training, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning, Behavior Modification
Tonneau, Francois; Arreola, Fara; Martinez, Alma Gabriela – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
In studies of function transformation, participants initially are taught to match stimuli in the presence of a contextual cue, X; the stimuli to be matched bear some formal relation to each other, for example, a relation of opposition or difference. In a second phase, the participants are taught to match arbitrary stimuli (say, A and B) in the…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Cues, Objective Tests, Classical Conditioning

Shettleworth, Sara J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1978
There has been considerable interest lately in cases where instrumental conditionability appears to depend on the reinforcer used. Here the effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs)on golden hamster behaviors was observed. The intent was to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by food reinforcement and…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Classical Conditioning, Conditioning, Experimental Psychology
Everly, Jr., George Stotelmyer; Girdano, Dorothy Dusek – Health Education (Washington D.C.), 1980
Behavior modification in a weight control program is examined in two models of operant and classical conditioning. Successful utilization of behavioral techniques is dependent on adherence to principles of learning, the skill and insight of the clinician, and the sensitivity to the individual needs of each client. (JN)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Body Weight, Classical Conditioning, Dietetics
Rodrigo, T.; Arall, M.; Chamizo, V. D. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2005
Rodrigo, Chamizo, McLaren, & Mackintosh (1997) demonstrated the blocking effect in a navigational task using a swimming pool: rats initially trained to use three landmarks (ABC) to find an invisible platform learned less about a fourth landmark (X) added later than did rats trained from the outset with these four landmarks (ABCX). The aim of the…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Animals, Classical Conditioning, Recreational Facilities