The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships among college life adaptation, career decision self-efficacy, and career achievement stress regarding students majoring in piano performance. A multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships between college life adaptation and career achievement stress, and career decision self-efficacy and career achievement stress. The findings of the study indicated that personal and emotional adaptation, goal selection, and job information variables had a significant impact on career achievement stress. The findings of this study can be theoretically and practically meaningful, providing opportunities for the development of efficient retention strategies for students majoring in piano performance in a competitive college market. Through this research, the result should be utilized for development of job-seeking, career-related programs, and curriculum.