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Causal Models2
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Measurement:…2
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Engelhard, George, Jr.2
Wang, Jue2
Lu, Zhenqiu1
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The Feasibility of Using Causal Indicators in Educational Measurement
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Wang, Jue; Engelhard, George, Jr. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2016
The authors of the focus article describe an important issue related to the use and interpretation of causal indicators within the context of structural equation modeling (SEM). In the focus article, the authors illustrate with simulated data the effects of omitting a causal indicator. Since SEMs are used extensively in the social and behavioral…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Measurement, Causal Models, Construct Validity
Clarifying the Conceptualization of Indicators within Different Models
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Wang, Jue; Engelhard, George, Jr.; Lu, Zhenqiu – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2014
The authors of the focus article in this issue have emphasized the continuing confusion among some researchers regarding various indicators used in structural equation models (SEMs). Their major claim is that causal indicators are not inherently unstable, and even if they are unstable they are at least not more unstable than other types of…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Measurement, Statistical Analysis, Causal Models