The present study describes an R function that implements six corrective procedures developed by Bartlett, Swain, and Yuan in the correction of 21 statistics associated with the omnibus Chi-square test, the residuals, or fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Nonnormality of data presents unique challenges for researchers who wish to carry out structural equation modeling. The subsequent SPSS syntax program computes bootstrap-adjusted fit indices (comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, incremental fit index, and root mean square error of approximation) that adjust for nonnormality, along with the…

American Educational Research Association (AERA) standards stipulate that researchers show evidence of the internal structure of instruments. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is one structural equation modeling procedure designed to assess construct validity of assessments that has broad applicability for counselors interested in instrument…

The authors investigated the psychometric properties of the Social Identities and Attitudes Scale developed by Picho and Brown, which captures an individual's vulnerability to Stereotype Threat effects. Confirmatory factor analyses and group invariance tests conducted on a diverse sample of 516 college students revealed adequate reliability and…

Traditional methods of assessing construct stability are reviewed and longitudinal mean and covariance structures (LMACS) analysis, a modern approach, is didactically illustrated using psychological entitlement data. Measurement invariance and latent variable stability results are interpreted, emphasizing substantive implications for educators and…

A latent class analysis of dyadic perfectionism scores within a college sample (N = 369) identified four classes of participants. Controlling for gender and current dating status, class membership was associated with significant differences on several measures of relationship attitudes. Gender and class membership also significantly interacted in…

This study evaluated a model linking internalization and dieting behaviors in a sample ("n" = 499) of Latina/o and White college students. Analyses revealed that the scales were invariant across ethnic and gender groups and generally supported the invariance of the proposed model across these groups. Analyses also revealed no ethnic mean…

Conceptual differences between self-efficacy and ability self-estimate scores, used in vocational psychology and career counseling, were examined with confirmatory factor analysis, discriminate relations, and reliability analysis. Results suggest that empirical differences may be due to measurement error or scale content, rather than due to the…

The popularity of growth modeling has increased in psychological and cognitive development research as a means to investigate patterns of changes and differences between observation units over time. Random coefficient modeling, such as multilevel modeling and latent growth curve modeling as a special application of structural equation modeling are…

Describes two strategies for assessing measures of practical fit and the goodness of fit from structural equation models. Focuses on linear structural relations (LISREL), chi-square fit index, practical fit indices, and hierarchical analyses. Includes empirical example of hierarchical model procedures used with practical and statistical indices to…

Provides an introduction to latent growth modeling (LGM), a branch of structural equation modeling that facilitates the evaluation of longitudinal change. Fundamental concepts related to growth modeling and notation are introduced; and variations, extensions, and applications of the technique are discussed. Touts LGM's versatility when considering…

Discusses linear structural relations, Two Stage Least Squares, and path analysis as statistical procedures that sometimes permit causal inferences from correlational findings. Even though two variables cannot be interpreted causally due to a possible but unknown third variable, these methods are appropriate for handling models with correlated…