Methods by which structural models correct for the effects of attenuation due to measurement error are reviewed, and implications of such disattenuation for interpreting the results of structural equation models are considered. Recommendations are made for improving the practice of disattenuation, and caution is urged in drawing inferences based…

An algorithm for obtaining initial values for the minimization process in covariance structure analysis is developed that is more generally applicable for computing parameters connected to latent variables than the currently existing ones. The algorithm is formulated in terms of the RAM model but can be extended. (SLD)

The effect that collapsing ordered polytomous variable scales has on structural equation measurement model parameter estimates was examined. Four parameter estimation procedures were investigated in a Monte Carlo study. Collapsing categories in ordered polytomous variables had little effect when latent projection procedures were used. (SLD)

The sensitivity analysis of structural equation models when minor perturbation is introduced is investigated. An influence measure based on the general case weight perturbation is derived for the generalized least squares estimation, and an influence measure is developed for the special case deletion perturbation scheme. (Author/SLD)

A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to investigate the effects of sample size, estimation method, and model specification on structural equation modeling (SEM) fit indices. Based on a balanced 3x2x5 design, a total of 6,000 samples were generated from a prespecified population covariance matrix, and eight popular SEM fit indices were…

A reparameterization is formulated that yields estimates of scale-invariant parameters in recursive path models with latent variables, and (asymptotically) correct standard errors, without the use of constrained optimization. The method is based on the logical structure of the reticular action model. (Author)

In this Monte Carlo study, the effects of four factors on structural equation modeling (SEM) fit indices and parameter estimates were investigated. The 14,400 samples generated were fitted to 3 SEM models with different degrees of model misspecification. Effects of data nonnormality, estimation method, and sample size are noted. (SLD)

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to assess the effects of some potential confounding factors on structural equation modeling (SEM) fit indices and parameter estimates for both true and misspecified models. The factors investigated were data nonnormality, SEM estimation method, and sample size. Based on the fully crossed and balanced 3x3x4x2…

Basic philosophical and statistical issues in structural equation modeling (SEM) are reviewed, including model conceptualization, identification, and parameter estimation and data-model-fit assessment and model modification. These issues should be addressed before the researcher uses any of the new generation of SEM software. (SLD)

A computationally efficient three-stage estimator of thresholds and covariance structure parameters is prepared for analysis of structural equation models with polytomous variables. The method is based on partition maximum likelihood and generalized least squares estimation. An analysis of questionnaire responses of 739 young adults illustrates…

A two-stage approach based on the rationale of maximum likelihood and generalized least-squares methods is developed to analyze the general structural equation model for continuous and polytomous variables. Some illustrative examples and a small simulation study (50 replications) are reported. (SLD)

An alternative two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator of the parameters in LISREL type models is proposed and contrasted with existing estimators. The new 2SLS estimator allows observed and latent variables to originate from nonnormal distributions, is consistent, has a known asymptotic covariance matrix, and can be estimated with standard…

A model based on latent trait theory, with maximum likelihood parameter estimates and associated asymptotic tests, is presented. Latent curve analysis is a method for representing development and is an alternative to repeated measures analysis of variance and first-order auto-regressive models. (SLD)

A general structural equation model for measuring residualized true change and studying patterns of true growth or decline is described. This approach allows consistent and efficient estimation of the degree of interrelationship between residualized change in a repeatedly assessed psychological construct and other variables. (SLD)

Discusses a method for obtaining point and interval estimates of reliability for composites of measures with a general structure. The approach is based on fitting a correspondingly constrained structural equation model and generalizes earlier covariance structure analysis methods for scale reliability estimation with congeneric tests. (SLD)