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Direct linkEmmie Leigh Cass – ProQuest LLC, 2024
As Title IX recently celebrated its 50th anniversary, there are still looming debates centered around compliance with federal policy, inequalities in collegiate athletics, and approaches to alleviate such issues at hand. While previous scholars have examined inequalities between men's and women's programs in collegiate athletics, few have asked…
Descriptors: College Athletics, Females, Gender Bias, Compliance (Legal)
Download full textMelissa Emrey-Arras – US Government Accountability Office, 2024
Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in educational programs that receive federal financial assistance, including college athletics programs. Education's Office for Civil Rights (OCR) is responsible for enforcing Title IX by investigating complaints, negotiating agreements with colleges to address concerns, and monitoring agreements. US…
Descriptors: Compliance (Legal), College Athletics, Gender Discrimination, Student Athletes
Jeremy Kenneth Mattoon – ProQuest LLC, 2021
NCAA athletic administrators and department personnel do not understand the three-prong test for Title IX compliance and incorrectly rely on proportionality as the only means to satisfy Title IX compliance. The inaccurate reliance, solely on proportionality, creates missed opportunities to satisfy Title IX law by adding varsity sports to an NCAA…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, Federal Legislation, Gender Discrimination, Sex Fairness
Peer reviewedJon Armstrong; Mark Fincher – Journal of Education Human Resources, 2024
From the chaos of 2020 arose many social conversations, among which were the legal rights of gay and transgender Americans. Landmark cases established precedents for potential legislation and reform regarding the transgender community. One particular issue is that of transgender athletes in college sports. While many are in staunch opposition to a…
Descriptors: LGBTQ People, Sexual Identity, State Legislation, Student Athletes
Foo, Cornell E.; Schaefer, George R.; Russell, Angela R. – Physical Educator, 2023
This case presented in this article involves a transgender middle school student-athlete (BPJ) and the West Virginia State Board of Education (WVSSAC). BPJ, who at the time was preparing to enter sixth grade at a new school, alleges that Defendants Burch, Stutler, the WVSSAC, and Attorney General Morrisey deprived her of equal protection under the…
Descriptors: Athletics, Middle School Students, Student Athletes, Grade 6
Martin Cannon Chase – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act was signed into law on June 23, 1972. The goal of the legislation which was signed into law by President Nixon was to correct shortcomings of the historic Civil Rights Act of 1964 that allowed for equal access to education opportunities for individuals regardless of race, religion or national origin. The…
Descriptors: College Athletics, College Students, Student Athletes, Educational Legislation
Havey, Nicholas – Journal of Women and Gender in Higher Education, 2021
This multiple case study analyzes institutional responses to sex and gender bias incidents in student athletics programs and messaging around inclusion and antidiscrimination between 2015 and 2019. This study seeks to uncover, understand, and work to transform the embedded institutional values that harm sex and gender minority (SGM) students on…
Descriptors: Gender Bias, Inclusion, LGBTQ People, College Athletics
