The purpose of this survey design research study was to assess the teaching styles of naturopathic medical (ND) faculty in terms of teacher-centered or learner-centered using the Principles of Adult Learning Scale (PALS). A secondary study question was the comparable differences in ND faculty teaching styles, and that of the published literature…

This quantitative study investigated the independent variables--anxiety, preconceived negative feelings, and self-efficacy--as predictors of the dependent variable, specifically, the performance of adult learners enrolled in introductory accounting courses. These results were further explored to decide whether perceived teaching style moderated…