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Direct linkXinli Zhang; Yuchen Chen; Lailin Hu; Gwo-Jen Hwang; Yun-Fang Tu – International Journal of STEM Education, 2025
Background: In the digital age, fostering young children's computational thinking (CT) and executive functions (EFs) through programming has emerged as a significant research issue. While unplugged programming activities are commonly adopted in preschools, robot programming activities have recently gained attention for the potential to enhance…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Computation, Executive Function, Programming
Xinli Zhang; Yuchen Chen; Danqing Li; Lailin Hu; Gwo-Jen Hwang; Yun-Fang Tu – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2024
Robotics education has received widespread attention in K-12 education. Studies have pointed out that in robotics courses, learners face challenges in learning abstract content, such as constructing a robot with a good structure and writing programs to drive a robot to complete specific learning tasks. The present study proposed the embodied…
Descriptors: Robotics, Teaching Methods, Academic Achievement, Student Motivation
Hanrui Gao; Yi Zhang; Gwo-Jen Hwang; Sunan Zhao; Ying Wang; Kang Wang – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
Artificial Intelligence (AI) education in primary schools has received a great deal of attention globally, and it is thus important to investigate primary school students' perceptions and understanding of AI learning. Therefore, in this study, 673 drawings of conceptions of AI learning by third to sixth grade students were collected. Firstly, a…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Student Attitudes, Artificial Intelligence, Freehand Drawing
