It is still a challenge for students to engage in classroom dialogue actively and realize effective dialogue-based learning, as classroom dialogue are influenced by a multitude of factors. It is reasonable to believe that by delving into a specific variable (perceived care) to gain insights into its potential impact on dialogue engagement, which…

Activity theory is of great importance in emphasizing the role of community and intermediary tools in the subject's internalization activities. From the perspective of activity theory, via systematically and comprehensively exploring kinds of different interactions between various elements (e.g. subject, community and tools) in classroom teaching,…

With advances in technology, intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) have become available to assist users with a variety of tasks using voice commands. Because IPAs may induce dialogic interactions, researchers speculated that they may benefit second language learning, especially regarding pronunciation, listening and speaking skills. So far, very…