This study examined how 465 socioeconomically disadvantaged middle school students used a multimedia-enriched problem-based learning (PBL) program. Using a mixed-methods design, we investigated the impact of PBL on students' performance, and relationship among students' self-efficacy, attitude toward science, and performance. The findings showed…

Informal learning plays a critical role in supporting instructional design (ID) students to develop knowledge and skills they will need as future employees and to establish their professional development trajectory. This survey study is part of a larger design-based study that seeks to design, develop, and evaluate a technology-mediated learning…

This study investigated the use of scaffolds in problem-based hypermedia. Three hundred and twelve undergraduate students enrolled in a computer literacy course worked in project teams to use a hypermedia PBL program focused on designing a personal computer. The PBL program included content scaffolds, metacognitive scaffolds, or no scaffolds.…