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Gánem-Gutiérrez, Gabriela Adela; Gilmore, Alexander – Language Learning, 2018
The current study focused on emergent processes during real-time second language (L2) writing activity in an English as a foreign language university context, examining differences in these processes across individual capacities. Participants included 22 adult Japanese learners of L2 English and their tutor. The data were collected using digital…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Writing (Composition), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Kozaki, Yoko; Ross, Steven J. – Language Learning, 2011
Learning context has increasingly been postulated to exert an influence on the dynamics of individual differences in language learning. In a longitudinal design that tested the proficiency gains of 1,682 learners over a 2-year foreign language program, a multilevel modeling approach was deployed in this study to account for variation in second…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Learning Motivation, Individual Differences, Context Effect
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Schauer, Gila A. – Language Learning, 2006
The study reported on in this article set out to replicate and extend Bardovi-Harlig and Dornyei's (1998) investigation of pragmatic awareness by addressing two research questions: (a) Do learners in English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) contexts display differences in their recognition and rating of pragmatic…
Descriptors: Pragmatics, English (Second Language), Grammar, Error Analysis (Language)