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Culver, K. C.; Braxton, John; Pascarella, Ernie – Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education Research, 2019
While previous research has examined outcomes related to academic rigor, mixed findings have resulted from differing conceptualizations of rigor as well as varying methodological approaches. Defining rigor as those in-class practices and assignments that require students to engage in deep learning and demonstrate cognitive complexity, we use…
Descriptors: Intellectual Development, Lifelong Learning, Critical Thinking, Thinking Skills

Nickerson, Raymond S. – Educational Leadership, 1981
A program to improve student ability to perform intellectually demanding tasks might reasonably focus on four types of objectives: abilities, methods, knowledge, and attitudes. (Author/MLF)
Descriptors: Assignments, Intellectual Development, Learning Processes, Secondary Education